2021—2022年广东省中山市医疗机构新生儿病房建设状况研究

Study on current status of neonatal wards in medical institutions in Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,2021−2022

目的调查2021—2022年广东省中山市医疗机构新生儿病房现况,为进一步推动全市新生儿病房建设提供理论基础。方法选取中山市内年分娩量>100人次的27家助产机构(分娩量占全市的94.68%)为研究对象,通过广东省中山市妇幼健康信息平台、27家助产机构的门诊医师工作站+住院医师工作站+电子病历系统,采集2021年10月1日至2022年9月30日新生儿病房建设基本数据,并采取调查问卷的形式发放至各助产机构,由各新生儿病房负责人填写问卷获得补充数据,包括人员职称情况、机构转运量和设备数量。结果中山市27家助产机构Ⅲ级新生儿病房在三级医院设置率为100.0%,Ⅱ级新生儿病房在二级医院设置率为64.7%,Ⅰ级新生儿病房在一级医院设置率为50.0%,总体分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);27家助产机构年分娩量为41242人,年出院人数为12414人,年转运量为515人;医床比为0.41(151人/366张),护床比为0.90(329人/366张);床位数占年分娩量的8.87‰,转运量占年分娩量的1.25%;每床位数的婴儿保温箱、蓝光治疗仪、监护仪分别为0.86、0.54、1.04台;新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)床位数72张,每NICU床位数的有创呼吸机为0.60台。结论目前,广东省中山市各级新生儿病房能力层级符合同等级医院综合水平发展要求,人力、床位、设备充足,但婴儿保温箱、有创呼吸机存量不足,建议逐步投入和改善,以满足新生儿病房的最新建设需求,更好地保障新生儿的健康水平。

Objective To investigate the current status of neonatal wards in medical institutions in Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province,2021−2022,so as to provide theoretical foundation to enhance neonatal unit construction throughout the city.Methods A total of 27 midwifery institutions(accounting for 94.68%of the total deliveries)were recruited as research subjects,based on their annual delivery volume exceeding 100 cases.Data of neonatal ward construction were collected from Oct 1st,2021 to Sep 30th,2022 through Zhongshan Maternal and Child Health Information Platform,outpatient physician workstations,inpatient physician workstations,as well as electronic medical record systems.Supplementary data including staff title,transfer volume,and quantity of equipment were collected through questionnaire survey.The questionnaires were distributed to the director of neonatal ward.Results All(100.0%)tertiary hospitals set up levelⅢneonatal units,while 64.7%secondary hospitals set up levelⅡneonatal units,and 50.0%primary hospitals set up levelⅠneonatal units.The difference were statistically significant(P<0.05).Annual deliveries were 41242,the number of discharge per year were 12414 and the number of transfer per year were 515.The bed-to-physician ratio was 0.41(151 physicians/366 beds),while the bed-to-nurse ratio was 0.90(329 nurses/366 beds).The number of beds accounted for 8.87‰of annual deliveries,while the transfer volume accounted for 1.25%of annual deliveries.The number of incubators,blue light phototherapy devices and monitors per bed were 0.86,0.54,and 1.04,respectively.The neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)had 72 beds,and the number of invasive ventilators per NICU bed was 0.60.Conclusion The level of neonatal wards in Zhongshan City,Guangdong Province fulfills the requirement of comprehensive development standards of hospitals at the same level.Human resources,beds and equipments are sufficient.However,the supply of incubators and invasive ventilators are insufficient.It is recommended that the hospital should increase investment and improvement to meet the latest construction requirements of neonatal wards and ensure better health of newborns.