PET塑料降解及其降解酶改造方法的研究进展

Research Progress of PET Plastic Degradation and Modification Methods of Degrading Enzymes

塑料是一种合成或天然的高分子聚合物,因其良好的耐用性和可塑性,已在工业领域和日常生活中得到广泛应用。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是常用的一种塑料,在多个领域都有广泛应用,但是,未经过人工处理的PET在自然情况下很难被降解,给生态系统带来严重负担,因此PET塑料的降解与再生问题已经成为全球性的热点问题,也衍生了许多降解的方法,如光降解法、热降解法、生物降解法等。其中,生物降解法因绿色环保而被认为是一种理想的降解方法。生物降解法中酶降解方法是一种十分环保且较高效的降解方法,而PET降解酶的设计改造成为PET降解的重点问题。综述了现阶段降解塑料的主要方法、生物降解法降解PET的常用酶以及PET降解酶的改造方法,以期为PET的快速降解与再生提供理论依据。

Plastics are synthetic or natural polymers that are widely used in industrial fields and daily life due to its good durability and plasticity.Among plastics,polyethylene terephthalate(PET)is the most commonly used.Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)is one of the commonly used plastics,which is widely used in many fields.PET is difficult to be degraded under natural circumstances without artificial treatment,which brings serious burden to the ecosystems,so the issue of degradation and regeneration of PET plastics has become a hot issue globally.Many methods such as photodegradation,thermal degradation,biodegradation,etc.,have been developed to degrade plastics.Among them,biodegradation is considered as environmental friendly and highly efficient method.Thus,the design and transformation of PET degradation has become a key issue.The main methods for degrading plastics at the present stage,the common enzymes used for degrading PET by biodegradation methods and the modification methods of PET degrading enzymes are reviewed,to provide a theoretical basis for the rapid degradation and regeneration of PET.