纤维素气凝胶的制备及其应用进展

Progress in Preparation and Application of Cellulose Aerogel

气凝胶是目前世界上密度最小、质量最轻的固体材料,独特的三维网络结构使其具有广泛的用途。纤维素气凝胶不仅具有气凝胶的高孔隙、高比表面积的特点,还能被微生物降解,也能与其他物质相容,是一种非常适合于可持续发展的新能源。阐述了纤维素气凝胶制备工艺—溶胶-凝胶过程和水凝胶干燥过程。此外,还介绍了纤维素气凝胶在油水分离、隔热、相变、超级电容器、生物医学方面的应用,并对其发展进行了展望。

Aerogel is a solid material with the smallest density and lightest weight in the world at present.Its unique three‐dimensional network structure makes it widely used.Cellulose aerogels not only have the characteristics of high porosity and high specific surface area of aerogels,but also can be degraded by microorganisms and be compatible with other substances,which is a new energy suitable for sustainable development.The preparation process of cellulose aerogel—sol gel process and hydrogel drying process are described.In addition,the applications of cellulose aerogel in oil‐water separation,heat insulation,phase change,supercapacitor,biomedicine and other aspects are also introduced,and its development is prospected.