《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》中的蓝碳保护制度研究

The Blue Carbon Protection System in the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China

蓝碳是我国实现“双碳”目标以及推动全国碳市场发展的重要助力。本次修订的《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》在一定程度上回应当前的现实需求,虽未明确提出蓝碳的概念,但在海洋资源与海洋环境方面已有通过蓝碳生态系统开展蓝碳保护的间接考量。其中,在海洋资源方面的相关规定较为概括化和原则化,在海洋环境方面的相关规定则更为全面;从对象和手段2个方面明晰蓝碳生态系统修复改善的优先性,其中手段优先性还可进一步完善。就《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》的未来发展方向而言,廓清蓝碳的法律属性、完善蓝碳增汇技术的制度设计、适度发挥司法能动性和保障蓝碳市场的规则供给4个方面或将受到更多关注,以此建构更加完备的蓝碳保护制度。

Blue carbon is an important driver to achieve the“carbon peak”and“carbon neutrality”goals in China and promote the development of the national carbon market.The revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China responded to China′s current practical needs for a certain extent.Although it still did not explicitly mention the concept of blue carbon,it had indirectly considered the protection of blue carbon through blue carbon ecosystems in terms of marine resources and marine environment.The rules regarding the marine resources were general and principled,and the rules regarding the marine environment were more comprehensive.It confirmed the priority of restoration and improvement of blue carbon ecosystems in terms of both objects and means,and the priority of means was not yet complete.As for the future development of the Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China,improvements should be made in four aspects including clarifying the legal attributes of blue carbon,promoting institutional design that is conducive to the implementation of blue carbon sink technology,appropriately exerting active justice,and ensuring the blue carbon market rules,and ultimately build a more complete blue carbon protection system.