中韩无居民海岛及海岸带发展管理现状比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Development and Management of Uninhabited Islands and Coastal Zones Between China and South Korea

海岛和海岸带是国土资源的重要组成部分,提升其综合管理水平对促进沿海地区社会经济和海洋可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以中韩建交30周年和“联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年”为契机,通过对中韩无居民海岛及海岸带发展管理现状进行比较研究,探讨中韩两国在发展管理方面的异同和存在的问题。研究结果表明:在无居民海岛方面,中国以《中华人民共和国海岛保护法》为基本制度框架建立管理体系,韩国通过综合立法建立管理体系,海岛不合理利用是两国存在的共性问题;韩国重视无居民海岛的宣传,中国更加重视无居民海岛的分类。在海岸带方面,两国均采取综合管理的方式,但在实施程序上采用不同的方式,韩国由中央政府主导并交由地方政府实施综合管理,中国在综合管理体制下交由地方政府自行主导。基于研究结论,提出有针对性的管理措施和建议,促进两国海洋经济的可持续发展。

Islands and coastal zones are important parts of national land and resources.Improving their comprehensive management level is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of the social economy of coastal areas and the ocean.Based on the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea and the United Nations Decade of Marine Science for Sustainable Development,this paper made a comparative study on the development and management of uninhabited islands and coastal zones between China and South Korea,and discussed the similarities and differences between China and South Korea in development and management.The result showed that in terms of uninhabited islands,China had established a management system with the Island Protection Law of the People′s Republic of China as the basic institutional framework,while South Korea had established a management system through comprehensive legislation.The unreasonable utilization of islands was a common problem between the two countries.South Korea attached great importance to the propaganda of uninhabited islands,and China payed more attention to the classification of uninhabited islands.In terms of coastal zones,both countries adopted comprehensive management methods,but with different implementation procedures.South Korea was led by the central government and handed over to local governments to implement comprehensive management,while China was led by local governments under a comprehensive management system.Based on the research,targeted management measures and suggestions were proposed to promote the sustainable development of the two countries′marine economies.