中国参与全球海洋治理的路径研究——基于SWOT-PEST矩阵分析

The Path of China′s Participation in Global Ocean Governance:Based on SWOT-PEST matrix analysis

“十四五”规划纲要明确提出“深度参与全球海洋治理”的目标,这对中国建设海洋强国具有重要意义。文章基于治理理论介绍全球海洋治理的概念,梳理全球海洋治理的发展历程,构建SWOT-PEST矩阵分析中国参与全球海洋治理的优势与劣势、机遇与威胁,基于分析结果提出中国深度参与全球海洋治理的战略选择和实践路径。研究结果表明:全球海洋治理历经海洋控制与争夺、开发与规则构建、深度调整和演变3个发展阶段,中国参与全球海洋治理大致划分为被动参与、积极参与、全面参与和深度参与4个阶段,中国在全球海洋治理中的影响力与话语权逐渐上升;中国参与全球海洋治理的内部优势大于劣势、外部威胁大于机遇,战略选择应从现阶段的多元型战略向增长型战略过渡;中国参与全球海洋治理的实践路径包括推广海洋治理理念、提升海洋治理能力、完善海洋治理规制和搭建海洋合作平台。

The goal of“deep participation in global ocean governance”is clearly proposed in the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan,which is of great significance for China to build maritime power.This paper introduced the concept of global ocean governance based on governance theory,compared the development history of global ocean governance,constructed a SWOT-PEST matrix to analyze the advantages and disadvantages,opportunities and challenges of China′s participation in global ocean governance,and proposed strategic choices and practical paths for China′s deep participation in global ocean governance based on the analysis results.The results showed that global ocean governance had gone through three development stages including ocean controling and competition,development and rule building,and deep adjustment and evolution.China′s participation in global ocean governance was roughly divided into four stages including passive participation,active participation,full participation and deep participation,and China′s influence and voice in global ocean governance was gradually increasing.The internal advantages of China′s participation in global ocean governance outweighed its disadvantages,and the external threats outweighed its opportunities,and the strategic choice of path should be transitioned from the current stage of diversified strategy to the future growth strategy.The practical path for China′s participation in global ocean governance included promoting the concept of ocean governance,enhancing the capacity of ocean governance,improving the regulation of global ocean governance and building an ocean cooperation platform.