生物降解地膜对辣椒生长发育的影响

Effect of biodegradable mulch on growth and development of Capsicum frutescens

为明确不同材质生物可降解地膜对辣椒(Capsicum frutescens)生长发育的影响,选用聚乙烯地膜(PE)、天然产物类(PM1、PM2)、合成聚合物类降解膜[聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)等](PM3、PM4、PM5)进行田间试验,观察不同地膜的增温作用、降解性能和不同地膜覆盖下辣椒的生长性状。结果表明,辣椒生育前期(覆膜后0~52 d)是地膜增温的主要时期,覆膜种植主要提高该时期0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层各时间段土壤温度。其中,PM5的增温效果与PE相近,5~10 cm和10~15 cm土层土壤平均温度比CK(露地种植)提高了2℃以上。地膜覆盖使辣椒株高在覆膜后24~47 d得到明显生长,平均增长了20.28 cm,在覆膜后39 d,PM5比CK提高了8.2 cm;不同覆膜处理的辣椒叶绿素SPAD在覆膜后23 d存在显著差异,PM5和PE显著高于CK,分别提高了5.67和3.70。地膜覆盖对辣椒产量的影响表现为PM3、PM4、PM5处理的辣椒总产量均显著高于CK,分别提高了4 123、4 445、5 552 kg/hm^(2),其增产效果接近或优于PE,其中PM5对辣椒产量提升的效果最明显。因此,辣椒露天栽培推荐使用厚度为0.01 mm,主要成分为PBAT、PHA的可降解地膜。

To clarify the effects of biodegradable plastic films made of different materials on the growth and development of Capsicum frutescens,field experiments were conducted using polyethylene plastic films(PE),natural product films(PM1,PM2),synthetic poly-mer degradable films(PBAT,PHA,etc.)(PM3,PM4,PM5)to observe the warming effect of different plastic films,gegradation prop-erties and growth characteristics of Capsicum frutescens under different plastic film covers.The results showed that the early stage of Capsicum frutescens growth(0~52 days after film mulching)was the main period of temperature increase by mulching,and plastic mulching planting mainly increased the soil temperature of 0~5 cm and 5~10 cm soil layers during this period.Among them,the warm-ing effect of PM5 was similar to that of PE,with an average temperature increase of over 2℃in the 5~10 cm and 10~15 cm soil layers compared to CK(open field planting).The height of chilli plants grew significantly from 24 to 47 d after mulching,with an average in-crease of about 20.28 cm.After 39 days of film mulching,PM5 was increased by approximately 8.2 cm compared to CK;there were sig-nificant differences in the chlorophyll SPAD of Capsicum frutescens with different film mulching treatments after 23 days of film mulch-ing,with PM5 and PE significantly higher than CK,increased by 5.67 and 3.70,respectively.The effect of plastic film mulching on Capsicum frutescens showed that the cumulative yield of PM3,PM4 and PM5 was significantly higher than that of CK,with an increase of 4123,4445 kg/hm2 and 5552 kg/hm2,respectively,and their yield increases were close to or better than that of PE,of which the effect of PM5 on chilli yield enhancement was the most obvious.Therefore,it was recommended to use biodegradable mulch with a thickness of 0.01 mm,mainly composed of PBAT and PHA,for open-air cultivation of Capsicum frutescens.