强化回授教育在精神分裂症患者跌倒预防中的应用

Application of Intensive Teach-back Education in the Prevention of Falls Among Patients with Schizophrenia

目的探讨强化回授教育在长期住院的精神分裂症患者跌倒预防中的应用价值,以指导临床干预措施的拟定,降低患者跌倒发生风险。方法采用便利抽样法,选择2021年7月至2022年10月在江西省某医院长期住院的精神分裂症患者84例作为研究对象,使用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=42)与观察组(n=42)。对照组给予常规健康教育,观察组采用强化回授教育,采用一般情况调查表、医院自制长期住院的精神分裂症患者跌倒预防知识技能掌握情况调查表及Morse跌倒风险评估量表(MFS)比较干预前后两组患者跌倒预防知识技能掌握情况及跌倒风险评分,同时比较干预完成后6个月内两组患者跌倒发生率。结果干预后,两组患者的跌倒预防知识技能管理评分均比干预前有所提高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组患者MFS评分均较干预前有所降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);干预完成6个月后,观察组跌倒发生率为2.38%,低于对照组的19.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对长期住院的精神分裂症患者实施强化回授教育,可使其有效掌握跌倒预防知识技能,降低患者跌倒风险,减少跌倒的发生率。

Objective To explore the application value of intensive teach-back education in preventing falls among long-stay schizophrenia patients and guide the development of clinical interventions to reduce the risk of falls in these patients.Methods A total of 84 schizophrenia patients were selected by convenience sampling who were hospitalized for a long time in a hospital in Jiangxi from July 2021 to October 2022.They were divided into the control group(n=42)and the observation group(n=42)by using a random number table.The control group was given routine health education while the observation group was given intensive teach-back education.Patients were investigated by using the General Information Questionnaire,a self-made questionnaire of proficiency in fall prevention knowledge and skills for long-stay schizophrenia patients and the Morse Fall Scale(MFS).Then,the scores of proficiency in fall prevention knowledge and skills and the scores of fall risk were compared between the two groups pre-and post-intervention.Furthermore,the incidence of falls was compared between the two groups within 6 months post-intervention.Results After the intervention,both groups exhibited an increase in the scores of fall prevention knowledge and skill management compared to pre-intervention levels and the observation group demonstrated higher scores than the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,both groups exhibited a decrease in the MFS scores compared to pre-intervention levels and the observation group demonstrated lower scores than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of falls in the observation group(2.38%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(19.05%)6 months post-intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The intensive teach-back education for long-stay schizophrenia patients can enhance their knowledge and skills in fall prevention and reduce both the risk and incidence of falls.