无人机遥感技术在农田测绘中的应用

Application of Drone Remote Sensing Technology in Farmland Surveying and Mapping

农田地形、农田结构精度测绘是农作物生产的重要措施之一。不同地区农田海拔、地形地貌与结构高程等存在显著差异,传统农田测绘通常采用RTK-GPS(Real time kinematic GPS)实时动态载波相位差分技术,由GPS卫星定位系统、一个基准站配合多个流动站进行地面农田载波相位观测,得到农田海拔高度的精度测绘与检验结果,但相较PPK-GPS(Post Processing Kinematic GPS)动态后处理差分技术而言其时延过大、定位成本过高。基于此,提出一种多旋翼无人机低空摄影、激光雷达成像相结合的测距技术,在无人机设备上安装摄像机模块、激光雷达测距模块,采用无人机倾斜摄影、PPK-GPS三维定位测距技术,实现区域农田地形地块结构、海拔高度分量、其他地理信息等数据的精确测量,提升不同地形地貌结构农田测绘的效率与精确率。

Precision surveying and mapping of farmland topography and structure is one of the important measures for crop produc-tion.There are significant differences in farmland elevation,topography,and structural elevation among different regions.Tradition-al farmland surveying and mapping usually uses RTK-GPS(Real time kinematic GPS)real-time dynamic carrier phase difference technology,which is made by GPS satellite positioning system,a reference station,and multiple mobile stations to observe the ground farmland carrier phase,obtaining accurate surveying and verification results of farmland altitude.However,compared to PPK-GPS(Post Processing Kinematic GPS)dynamic post-processing differential technology,its delay is too large and the position-ing cost is too high.Based on this,a ranging technology combining low altitude photography and LiDAR imaging with multi rotor drones is proposed.An image capture camera module and LiDAR ranging module are installed on the drone equipment,and drone tilt photography and PPK-GPS 3D positioning ranging technology are used to accurately measure regional farmland terrain and land structure,altitude components,and other geographic information data,improving the efficiency and accuracy of farmland surveying and mapping for different terrain and geomorphic structures.