高原缺氧寒冷环境对女性月经影响及相关因素分析

Analysis of the Influence of High-Altitude Hypoxic Cold Environment on Female Menstruation and Related Risk Factors

目的:探讨海拔4500米缺氧寒冷环境对女性月经的影响。方法:选择2023年3月1~20日于海拔4500米的某单位女性进行生殖健康问卷调查,按高原暴露时间分为≤6月组、6~12月组、≥12月组,分析各组月经的变化状况,从而探讨相关影响因素。结果:缺氧寒冷环境中工作女性月经异常的总发生率高达66.14%,不同高原暴露时间各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);月经改变类型中痛经的发生率最高为61.90%,但不同高原暴露时间各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);月经发生改变与未发生改变女性每周睡眠不足7小时≥3天以上、紧张焦虑、月经期进行训练比例差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:缺氧寒冷环境可导致女性月经发生改变,且与睡眠不足、紧张焦虑、经期运动共同作用。

Objective:To investigate the effect of anoxic cold environment at 4500 m altitude on female menstruation.Methods:From March 1 to March 20,2023,women in a unit at an altitude of 4500 meters were selected for reproductive health questionnaire survey,and were divided into≤6 months group,6 months to 12 months group and≥12 months group according to altitude exposure time.The changes of menstruation in each group were analyzed to explore the relevant influencing factors.Results:The total incidence of abnormal menstruation in working women in hypoxic cold environment was as high as 66.14%,and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at different high-altitude exposure times(P>0.05).The highest incidence of dysmenorrhea among the types of menstrual changes was 61.90%,but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at different high altitude exposure times(P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in the proportion of insufficient sleep for at least 3 days per week,nervousness and anxiety,and training during their menstrual period in the women who experienced changes in their menstrual cycle compared to those who did not.Conclusions:Hypoxic cold environment can lead to the change of female menstruation,and it is combined with sleep deficiency,tension and anxiety,and menstrual exercise.