氨分解催化剂研究进展

PROGRESS ON CATALYSTS FOR AMMONIA DECOMPOSITION

氢能作为清洁环保的可再生能源受到全世界的关注。但氢极低的体积能量密度及易燃易爆的特点,给氢气的大规模储运带来困难和危险。氨是一种无碳的氢载体,不仅具有较高的体积和质量能量密度,还有较成熟的储存和运输技术。氨的现场制氢可以解决氢气储存和运输问题,所以氨气储氢正受到人们的广泛关注。氨分解最高效的催化剂是Ru基催化剂,但由于其高昂的价格无法实现大规模应用。在非贵金属基催化剂中,Ni基催化剂的活性最高,且其成本相对较低,被认为十分具有应用潜力。然而,Ru基和Ni基催化体系在活性和稳定性等方面仍存在一些挑战。本文综述了氨分解催化剂的最新研究进展,包括Ru基催化剂、非贵金属Fe基和Ni基催化剂及双金属催化剂等,并对目前文献中的反应机理进行了梳理。

Hydrogen energy,as a clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy source,is attracting worldwide attention.However,the extremely low volume energy density and the flammable and explosive characteristics of hydrogen bring difficulties and dangers to large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen.Ammonia is a kind of carbon-free hydrogen carrier,which not only has high volume and mass energy density,but also has mature storage and transportation technology.On-site hydrogen production from ammonia can solve the problems of hydrogen storage and transport,so ammonia hydrogen storage from ammonia is attracting a lot of attention.Currently,the most efficient catalyst for ammonia decomposition is ruthenium-based catalysts,but it can not be used in large scale because of its high price.Among the non-precious metal-based catalysts,Ni-based catalysts have the highest activity and relatively low cost,which are considered to have great application potential.However,Ru-based and Ni-based catalytic systems still have some challenges in terms of activity and stability.In this paper,the latest research progress of ammonia decomposition catalysts,including catalysts based on Ru,catalysts based on non-precious metals Fe and Ni,and bimetallic catalysts,and the reaction mechanism of ammonia decomposition in recent literature were reviewed.