稀土元素萃取分离技术研究现状与展望

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROSPECT OF EXTRACTIVE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

石油炼制与化工催化剂是稀土应用的一个重要领域。随着对稀土需求量的不断上升,获得大量纯净的稀土元素成为挑战。通过梳理沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法、膜分离法、吸附法和电化学法等稀土元素分离技术,从萃取分离技术的高效性、选择性、经济性和环保可持续性等方面对稀土萃取分离技术的发展进行总结,并评价各种工艺技术的优缺点,最后展望稀土萃取分离技术的发展前景。

Petroleum refining and chemical catalysts are an important field of rare earth application.With the increasing demand for rare earth elements,obtaining large quantities of pure rare earth elements has become a challenge.In this paper,by combing the separation technologies such as precipitation,ion exchange,solvent extraction,membrane separation,adsorption and electrochemistry,the development of extraction and separation technology was summarized from the aspects of efficiency,selectivity,economy,environmental protection and sustainability,and the advantages and disadvantages of various process technologies were evaluated,finally,the development prospects of rare earth extractive separation technology were prospected.