乡村产业内生的社会基础与动力机制--基于陕西省F社区樱桃产业的调研

The Social Foundation and Dynamic Mechanism of Endogenous Rural Industries:An Investigation on Cherry Industry in F Community of Shaanxi Province

乡村产业振兴是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴和农业农村现代化等战略的交汇点。发展乡村内生型产业,激活乡村产业发展的内生动力,是乡村产业振兴的关键点。梳理相关成果可知,乡村产业内生的社会基础有乡村社会关联和乡村共同体两种理解。侧重乡村社会关联理解的学者强调村庄社会结构和社会资本对村庄内生型产业的支撑作用,侧重乡村共同体理解的学者主要关注村庄共同体建构对产业发展的影响。将两者相结合,可以从动力学的角度对F社区樱桃产业内生的社会基础及影响因素进行系统分析,进而揭示乡村产业内生的动力机制。调研显示,乡村社会基础的影响因素包括社区记忆、经济社会分化、动员资源、政府注意力、党建引领五个方面,乡村内生型产业的动力机制可以从基层党建、社会合作、组织动员、能人吸纳和政府引导五点来理解,并认为地方政府应该从找准产业定位、强化基层党建、转变自身角色、夯实社会基础等方面来为乡村产业发展创造条件。

The revitalization of rural industries is the intersection of many issues,such as consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation,promoting rural in an all-round way,and agricultural and rural modernization,etc.The development of endogenous industries in rural areas and the activation of endogenous driving forces for rural industrial development are key points for the revitalization of rural industries.Based on the relevant achievements,it can be concluded that there are two understandings of the endogenous social foundation of rural industries,that is,rural social connections and rural communities.Scholars who focus on rural social connections emphasize the supporting role of rural social structure and social capital on endogenous industries in villages;scholars who focus on rural communities mainly pay close attention to the impact of rural community construction on industrial development.By combining the two,the author attempts to systematically analyze the endogenous social foundation and influencing factors of the cherry industry in F community from a dynamic perspective,so as to reveal the dynamic mechanism of the endogenous rural industry.After the investigation,the author has found that the influencing factors of rural social foundation include community memory,economic and social differentiation,resource mobilization,government attention,and party building guidance.The dynamic mechanism of endogenous rural industries can be understood from five aspects:grassroots party building,social cooperation,organizational mobilization,recruitment of capable individuals,and government guidance.It is believed that local governments should strive to create conditions for the development of rural industries by identifying industry positioning,strengthening grassroots party building,transforming their own roles,and consolidating social foundations.