抗菌肽对鱼类肠道菌群及免疫功能影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Antimicrobial Peptides in Fish Intestinal Flora and Immune Function

抗菌肽是先天免疫的组成部分,构成许多生物体抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线。抗菌肽是基因编码的(小于100个氨基酸),具有空间排列的疏水性和阳离子氨基酸特性的两性分子,具有多种生物学功能。抗菌肽(作为饲料添加剂)能够改善水产动物的生长性能,增强水产动物机体的抗病能力。鱼类肠道承担着营养物质消化吸收的功能,同时鱼类肠道内的微生物也参与机体的免疫反应。文章对抗菌肽的来源、分类、生物学功能、抗菌机制以及抗菌肽对鱼类肠道菌群和机体免疫功能的影响进行了系统的阐述,进而分析了抗菌肽、肠道菌群、机体免疫三者的关系。为抗菌肽替代抗生素在鱼类健康养殖中的应用提供了技术指导,为揭示抗菌肽在鱼体的相关作用机制奠定基础。

Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are the components of innate immunity.AMPs form the first line of defense for many organisms resist invading pathogens.Antimicrobial peptides are gene-coded(less than 100 amino acids)amphoteric molecules with the characteristics of hydrophobic and cationic amino acids arranged in space.Antimicrobial peptides are a kind of small molecule polypeptide with broad spectrum antibacterial activity and multiple biological functions.Antimicrobial peptides(as feed additives)can improve the growth performance and enhance the disease resistance of aquatic animals.The intestinal tract of fishes are responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.The microorganisms of the intestinal tract also participate in the immune response of the body.In this paper,the source,classification,biological function,mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and the effect of antimicrobial peptides on intestinal microflora and immune function of fish are systematically described.And then the relationship between antimicrobial peptides,intestinal microflora and immune function of organism is analyzed.It provides technical guidance for the application of antimicrobial peptides instead of antibiotics in fish healthy culture and lays a foundation for revealing the relevant mechanism of antimicrobial peptides in fish.