布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响

Effect of drip irrigation pipe distribution and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest cotton

【目的】研究布管方式和施氮量对机采棉生物量、氮肥利用率及产量的影响,为机采棉高产提供科学依据。【方法】试验设置2种机采棉滴灌带布管方式:①1膜6行3管,行距(66+10)cm,滴灌带在作物窄行中间(G_(3));②1膜6行5管,行距(66+10)cm,滴灌带铺设在作物窄行中间3管和作物宽行中间2管(G_(5))。同时设置4个氮肥用量水平,即0、240、300、360 kg/hm^(2)(分别以N_(0)、N_(240)、N_(300)、N_(360)表示)。【结果】相同施氮量处理下,G_(5)处理棉花干物质量显著高于G_(3)处理,G_(5)-N_(360)处理叶、茎、铃干物质量均最大,G_(5)-N_(360)处理较G_(3)-N_(360)处理叶、茎、铃、总干物质量分别增加23.1%、15.0%、11.6%、14.9%;G_(5)处理各器官总吸氮量显著高于G_(3)处理,G_(5)-N_(360)处理各器官总吸氮量较G_(3)-N_(360)处理增加11.69%,G_(5)-N_(300)处理各器官总吸氮量较G_(3)-N_(300)处理增加11.85%,G_(5)-N_(240)处理各器官总吸氮量较G_(3)-N_(240)处理增加12.84%;G_(5)处理氮肥表观利用率显著高于G_(3)处理,G_(5)-N_(240)处理氮肥表观利用率较G_(3)-N_(240)处理增加3.6%,G_(5)-N_(300)处理氮肥表观利用率较G_(3)-N_(300)处理增加2.97%,G_(5)-N_(360)处理氮肥表观利用率较G_(3)-N_(360)处理增加3.14%;不同布管方式处理棉花籽棉产量差异显著,G_(5)处理均显著高于G_(3)处理,G_(5)-N_(240)处理籽棉产量较G_(3)-N_(240)处理增加10.6%,G_(5)-N_(300)处理籽棉产量较G_(3)-N_(300)处理增加8.3%,G_(5)-N_(360)处理籽棉产量较G_(3)-N_(360)处理增加12.4%。【结论】相同施氮量下,G_(5)优于G_(3)布管方式;G_(5)-N_(360)布管方式和施氮量模式最优,棉花干物质量、单株结铃数、总吸氮量和籽棉产量均最高。

【Objective】To study drip irrigation pipe distribution on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest Cotton,In the hope of laying a theoretical basis for high yield of machine-harvest Cotton.【Methods】We compared two kinds of drip irrigation pipe distribution:one was(66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row(G_(3)),and the other was(66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row and the two drip-irrigation belts inside the big row(G_(5)),and four nitrogen applications:0(N_(0)),240 kg/hm^(2)(N_(240)),300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(300))and 360 kg/hm^(2)(N_(360)).【Results】The results showed that the dry matter weight of G_(5)treatment was significantly higher than the G_(3)treatment under the same nitrogen application,compared with G_(3)-N_(360)treatment,G_(5)-N_(360)treatment the dry matter weight of leaves,stems,bolls and total increased respectively by 23.1%,15.0%,11.6%and14.9%.The nitrogen uptake of G_(5)treatment was significantly higher than the G_(3)treatment under the same nitrogen application,Compared with the G_(3)-N_(360)treatment,the total nitrogen uptake of the G_(5)-N_(360)treatment increased by 11.69%,compared with G_(3)-N_(240)treatment,and the total nitrogen uptake of the G_(5)-N_(300)treatment increased by 11.85%,compared with G_(3)-N_(240)treatment,the total nitrogen uptake of G_(5)-N_(240)treatment increased by 12.84%,the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G_(5)treatment was significantly higher than that of G_(3)-N_(240)treatment,and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G_(5)-N_(240)treatment increased by 3.6%higher than that of G_(3)-N_(240)treatment,the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G_(5)-N_(300)treatment increased by 2.97%higher than that of G_(3)-N_(300)treatment,and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G_(5)-N_(360)treatment increased by 3.14%higher than that of G_(3)-N_(360)treatment,the yield of cotton G_(5)-N_(240)treatment increased by 10.6%higher than that of G_(3)-N_(240)treatment,and the yield of cotton G_(5)-N_(300)treatment increased by 8.3%higher than that of G_(3)-N_(300)treatment,the yield of cotton G_(5)-N_(360)treatment increased by 12.4%higher than that G_(3)-N_(360)treatment.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation pipe distribution the G_(5)treatment was superior to the G_(3)treatment under the same nitrogen application rate,and the G_(5)-N_(360)model had the highest on dry matter quality and bolls and nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.