基于养分专家系统的棉花推荐施肥效应

Effect of recommended fertilization on cotton based on nutrient expert system

【目的】研究棉花养分推荐施肥专家系统在新疆南疆棉花生产中应用的可行性。【方法】2021年在新疆沙雅县的海楼村和库木巴格村进行田间试验。共设8个处理:NE,基于养分专家系统的推荐施肥配比;NE+OM,养分专家系统推荐施肥基础上,施用有机肥代替部分化肥;FP,常规习惯施肥;OPTS,当地农技推广部门推荐施肥;CK,不施肥;NE-N,NE推荐基础上不施氮肥;NE-P,NE推荐基础上不施磷肥;NE-K,NE推荐基础上不施钾肥。【结果】棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥能显著提高籽棉产量、提升经济效益。海楼村和库木巴格村NE较FP增产10.2%和7.95%,产投比提高10.9和8.7;较OPTS增产11.66%和10.13%;产投比提高17.6和11.9。棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥配比也能显著提高棉花养分吸收和肥料利用率,其中海楼NE的氮、磷、钾养分吸收较FP提高10.33%、3.67%、11.79%,较OPTS提高5.63%、3.62%、17.21%。海楼村和库木巴格村NE的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率较FP提高14.83、18.47、36.83和23.82、18.30、79.91个百分点;较OPTS提高23.99、5.83、33.39和29.35、16.42、64.04个百分点。【结论】棉花养分推荐施肥专家系统平衡了氮、磷、钾肥的施肥配比,在保证产量的同时,有效提高了棉花的养分吸收、肥料利用率和经济效益。棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥在新疆沙雅县的应用是可行的。

【Objective】In order to explore the feasibility of the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in cotton production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in Hailou Village and Kumubag Village of Shaya County in 2021.Eight treatments were set up in the experiment:NE,recommended fertilization based on nutrient expert system;NE+OM,nutrient expert system recommended fertilization based on the application of organic fertilizer instead of some chemical fertilizers;FP,farmers'habitual fertilization;OPTS,local agricultural extension department recommended fertilization;CK,no fertilization;NE-N,recommended by NE on the basis of no nitrogen fertilizer;NE-P,recommended by NE on the basis of no phosphate fertilizer;NE recommended by NE-K on the basis of no potassium fertilizer.【Results】The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could significantly increase seed cotton yield and improve economic benefits.Compared with FP,Hailou and Kumubag NE increased yield by 10.2%and 7.95%,and the output-input ratio increased by 10.9 and 8.7.The yield increased by 11.66%and 10.13%compared with OPTS.The output-input ratio increased by 17.6 and 11.9.The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could also significantly improve the nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate of cotton.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of Hailou NE was 10.33%,3.67%and 11.79%higher than that of FP,and 5.63%,3.62%and 17.21%higher than that of OPTS.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency of Hailou and Kumubag NE increased by 14.83,18.47,36.83 and 23.82,18.30,79.91 percentage points compared with FP,and 23.99,5.83,33.39 and 29.35,16.42,64.04 percentage points higher than OPTS.【Conclusion】Fertilization recommended by cotton nutrient expert system balanced the fertilization ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,and effectively improved the nutrient uptake,fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of cotton while ensuring the yield.Therefore,the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in Xinjiang Shaya County is feasible.