新能源智能农机装备发展现状和趋势

Development status and trend of new energy intelligent agricultural machine

推进新能源智能农机发展是延伸新能源汽车产业链、拓展新能源汽车技术在农用机械领域应用的重要举措。新能源农机作为农业生产中节能减排的重要工具,是未来农机装备的发展和转型方向之一。在界定新能源智能农机概念的基础上,以电动拖拉机为例,介绍了国内外进行的大量技术研究与产品尝试,并对其发展的各个阶段及其典型产品进行了梳理,归纳各发展阶段的技术特点与影响电动拖拉机技术发展的主要因素。研究发现,新能源智能农机动力系统经历了电轨、动力电池与混合动力3个阶段,其发展受到了电池成本较高、基础设施不足、功率需求错配、农机类型多样与缺乏科学评定指标等多因素制约,而以清洁能源技术、分布式大马力电驱动技术、电控液压悬挂系统技术等为代表的新一代技术成为未来新能源农机技术发展的方向。

Promoting the development of new energy intelligent agricultural machinery is a specific measure to extend the new energy vehicle industry chain and expand the application of new energy vehicle technology in the agricultural field.As an important tool for agricultural energy conservation and emission reduction,new energy agricultural machine is also one of the development and transformation directions of agricultural machinery equipment products in the future.On the basis of defining the concept of new energy intelligent agricultural machinery,taking electric tractors as an example,this paper introduces a large number of technical research and product attempts conducted at home and abroad,and sorts out the various stages of its development and typical products,summarizing the technical characteristics of each development stage and the main factors affecting the development of electric tractor technology.Research has found that the power system of new energy intelligent agricultural machinery has gone through three stages:electric rail,power battery,and hybrid power.Its development was constrained by multiple factors such as high battery costs,insufficient infrastructure,power demand mismatch,diverse types of agricultural machinery,and lack of scientific evaluation indicators.However,The new generation technologies represented by clean energy technology,distributed high-power electric drive technology,electronic control hydraulic suspension system technology have become the direction of future development of new energy agricultural machinery technology.