纯电动商用车能量回收策略优化

Optimization of energy recovery strategy for pure electric commercial vehicles

为了提高电动商用货车的行驶里程,在保证行驶安全性的情况下,尽可能回收电动货车滑行和制动所消耗的动能。基于ECE法规和前后轮理想制动分配曲线,在不改变原车机械制动结构的前提下,针对后轮驱动的电动商用货车,提出了一种基于制动踏板开度的能量回收策略,对原方案进行优化。该策略在电机实验数据的基础上,利用最小二乘法拟合出发电效率最优的电机转矩曲线进行制动力分配;再利用制动踏板开度和变化率,制定当前转矩向目标转矩的过渡规则,保证制动的平顺性;最后通过Simulink软件搭建模型,并集成在整车控制器之中。结果表明:在确保安全性的前提下,在规定路段SOC从100%消耗至70%,此方案的行驶里程比原车方案提高了6.6%,验证了优化策略可以有效提高车辆的行驶里程。

In order to improve the driving mileage of electric commercial trucks,the kinetic energy consumed by sliding and braking of electric trucks shall be recovered as much as possible under the condition of ensuring driving safety.Based on the ECE regulations and the ideal braking distribution curve of the front and rear wheels,an energy recovery strategy based on the opening of the brake pedal for the electric commercial truck with rear wheel drive was proposed,without changing the mechanical braking structure of the original vehicle,to optimize the original scheme.Based on the motor experimental data,the braking force was distributed by using the motor torque curve with the best starting electric efficiency fitted by the least square method.By using the brake pedal opening and change rate,the transition rule from the current torque to the target torque was formulated to ensure the smoothness of braking.Finally,the model was built by Simulink software and integrated into the vehicle controller.The results showed that on the premise of ensuring safety,SOC consumption in the specified section was from 100%to 70%,and the driving mileage of this scheme was 6.6%higher than that of the original vehicle scheme.It was verified that the optimization strategy could effectively improve the driving mileage of vehicles.