三维光热材料的制备及其太阳能脱盐性能

Preparation and Solar Desalination Performance of 3D Photothermal Materials

光热多孔材料是太阳能海水淡化应用的关键所在,受生物质天然多孔互联结构的启发,通过冷冻干燥和高温碳化工艺制备具有三维互联孔道结构的生物质碳基蒸发器,研究其微结构特征、水输送和蒸发性能以及三维结构对材料蒸发性能的增强作用。结果表明:该蒸发器具有高度互联的孔道结构和高达95.5%太阳光吸收率,在太阳光下实现了1.71 kg/(m^(2)·h)的蒸发速率和89%的光热转换效率,可以有效蒸发和淡化海水。此外,在三维结构特征下,实现了高达2.65 kg/(m^(2)·h)的蒸发速率,三维结构有效提升了材料的蒸发性能,显示了优异的太阳能蒸发/脱盐效果。

Photothermal porous materials are the key to solar desalination applications.Inspired by the natural porous interconnected structure of biomass,a carbon-based evaporator with a 3D interconnected pore structure was prepared by freeze-drying and high-temperature carbonization processes,and the microstructural features,water transport and evaporation properties,as well as the enhancement of the material's evaporation performance by the 3D structure,were investigated.The results showed that the evaporator had a highly interconnected pore structure with the optical absorption of 95.5% and achieved an evaporation rate of 1.71 kg/(m^(2)·h)and a photo-thermal conversion efficiency of 89% under one solar,which can effectively evaporate and desalinate seawater.In addition,an evaporation rate of 2.65 kg/(m^(2)·h)was realized under 3D structural features,and the 3D structure effectively enhanced the evaporation performance of the material,showing excellent solar evaporation/desalination effects.