海州湾人工鱼礁区和河口区食物网结构与功能的比较

The structure and function of food webs in the artificial reef areas and estuary area of Haizhou Bay based on mass balance model

近年来,在快速变化的近海环境和人类活动的共同影响下,渔业资源的管理和可持续利用对保护和恢复海洋生态系统越来越重要。基于2020—2021年的渔业资源数据构建了海州湾海域人工鱼礁生态系统(ARE)和河口生态系统(EE)的生态系统能量通道模型(Ecopath),比较和分析了两个区域食物网结构与功能的差异性和相似性。结果显示,ARE的生物量流动直接或间接来自碎屑食物链。I—III营养级占生态系统总生物量流量的97.98%以上;EE的生物量流动来自于初级生产力食物链。I—III营养级占生态系统总生物量流动的99.88%以上。浮游生物是具有自下而上控制效应的重要结构功能类群,顶级捕食者则控制着两个生态系统的自上而下的效应。总体而言,EE的Finn循环指数(FCI)、Finn平均路径长度(FMPL)、连通性指数(CI)、系统杂食性指数(SOI)和优势度/容纳量(A/C)较高,比ARE更成熟,但ARE的自由度/容纳量(O/C)和多样性指数(H)较高,食物网结构更多样化、更稳定。研究认为,人工鱼礁建设的持续进行,将有助于增强渔业资源的养护并推动海州湾生态系统走向更加成熟、稳定和健康的状态。

In recent years,under the mutual influence of the rapidly changing offshore environment and human activities,the management and sustainable use of fishery resources has become increasingly important for protection and restoration of marine ecosystems.In this study,Ecopath models of artificial reef ecosystem(ARE)and estuary ecosystem(EE)in Haizhou Bay were constructed according to fishery resource data in 2020—2021.The differences and similarities in structure and function of food webs in the two areas were described and compared.The results showed that the biomass flow of ARE was directly or indirectly derived from the detritus food chain.The trophic level I—III accounted for more than 97.98%of the total biomass flow of the ecosystem,and the biomass flows of EE was derived from the primary productivity food chain,with trophic level I—III accounting for more than 99.88%of the total biomass flow.Plankton is an important structural functional group with bottom—up control effect,while top predators control the top—down effect of the two ecosystems.Generally,EE is more mature than ARE due to higher Finn′s cycling index(FCI),Finn′s mean path length(FMPL),Connectance index(CI),System omnivory index(SOI)and Ascendency/capacity(A/C)values,but ARE has higher Overhead/capacity(O/C)and Shannon diversity index(H)values,and the food web structure is more diversified and stable.It is concluded that the continuous construction of artificial reef will help enhance fishery resource recovery and promote the ecosystem of Haizhou Bay to a more mature,stable and healthy status.