生态系统休闲游憩价值评估--以北京密云区为例

Evaluation of leisure and recreation value of ecosystem:a case study of Miyun District in Beijing

作为生态产品总值核算的重要内容,生态系统文化服务主要包括休闲游憩、旅游康养与景观增值三个核算内容,但受公共产品性质的影响,休闲游憩服务缺乏市场价值,因此目前的研究很少涉及对生态系统休闲游憩价值的评估。而随着公园绿地等区域被广泛利用,其能为人们带来的休闲游憩服务也逐渐成为生态系统文化服务中不可忽视的重要组成部分。因此以北京密云区的公园绿地、滨水带与山地健身区为研究对象,运用替代成本法与支付意愿法对生态系统的休闲游憩价值进行评估与比较。结果表明,替代成本法评估的结果相对更合理;公园绿地、滨水带与山地健身区的休闲游憩价值分别为2.93亿元、4.54亿元、2.78亿元;密云区生态系统的休闲游憩价值为10.25亿元,其中费用成本6.69亿元,时间成本3.56亿元。

The gross ecological product(GEP)is an important index to evaluate the contribution of ecosystem to human welfare.As an important part of GEP value accounting,ecosystem cultural services mainly include three accounting contents:leisure and entertainment,tourism health,and landscape value-added.However,because leisure and entertainment services belong to public goods and lack market value,the current research rarely involves the assessment of ecosystem leisure and entertainment value.With the wide use of parks,green spaces and other spaces,people can not only get mental relaxation and enjoyment from these areas,but also use these areas for exercise and fitness.Therefore,the ecosystem leisure and entertainment services gradually become an important part of the ecosystem cultural services that can not be ignored.Willingness to pay(WTP)is a method to evaluate products with no market value through tourists′willingness survey,but it is not suitable for evaluating regional value due to its strong subjectivity and the influence of sample quality on the evaluation results.The replacement cost(RC)method is a different approach to evaluate non-market products,characterized by ease of use and reduced subjectivity,although it is rarely used to evaluate the value of ecological leisure and recreation services.To sum up,in order to encourage the value accounting and utilization of local leisure and recreation services and further encourage the diversification of ecological product development,this paper took the parkland,waterfront belt,and mountain fitness area in Miyun District of Beijing as the research objects,applied the fitness cost of tourists with the same utility as the alternative expense,and used RC to evaluate the leisure and recreation value of its ecosystem.At the same time,the willingness to pay survey was also conducted,and WTP was also used to assess the recreational value of the ecosystem.The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were further compared,and the most appropriate value assessment method was selected.The results show that the evaluation results of RC are more reasonable.The parkland,waterfront belt,and mountain fitness area leisure and recreation value are 293 million yuan,454 million yuan,and 278 million yuan,respectively.The ecosystem leisure and recreation value of Miyun District is 1.025 billion yuan,including 669 million yuan in expenses and 356 million yuan in time.The use of RC is conducive to developing new ideas of non-market value assessment,and the value results also show that even if there is no ecological area with actual fees,it still has high recreational value and can bring spiritual and cultural benefits to human beings.