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植草带宽度对蜘蛛和步甲群落动态及比邻玉米田害虫发生的影响

Effects of grassy strip width on the dynamics of spider and carabid communities and pest occurrence in adjacent maize fields
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摘要 农田边界植草带是农田系统各斑块间生物物种迁移和群落演替、物质和能量交换的主要区域,对维持农业生物多样性及提高农田生产力具有重要意义。基于作物-害虫-天敌互作有机整体对植草带宽度的响应,选取不同宽度植草带(2 m、4 m、6 m)及其比邻农田并以对应宽度作物边界作为对照,采用地表陷阱法对蜘蛛和步甲进行取样调查,探究植草带宽度对蜘蛛和步甲种群结构、迁移扩散规律以及对农田害虫控制潜力的影响。结果表明:植草带内蜘蛛和步甲个体数均显著高于对照条带,4 m、6 m植草带的蜘蛛和步甲多度显著高于2 m植草带,且物种丰富度和多度显著高于其对照条带。此外,不同宽度植草带蜘蛛和步甲群落存在较高的异质性,蜘蛛和步甲群落结构差异显著;在4 m和6 m植草带及其比邻玉米田内,蜘蛛和步甲多度在植草带和植草带与比邻玉米田交界处显著高于农田内部,且随距离的增加,蜘蛛物种多度呈显著降低趋势,植草带宽度和距离共同决定蜘蛛和步甲的空间分布;Monte Carlo检验结果表明,植草带宽度、植被Margalef指数对农田中蜘蛛和步甲群落结构的影响均达到显著水平,蜘蛛主要优势科和步甲主要优势种主要分布在6 m植草带比邻玉米田内;4 m、6 m植草带比邻的玉米田中蜘蛛和步甲对玉米害虫的益害比显著高于2 m植草带比邻的玉米田,且4 m、6 m植草带显著增加了玉米籽粒的百粒重及比邻农田的玉米总产量。本研究对植草带涵养捕食性天敌预防害虫发生的最适宽度进行探索,综合考虑植草带耕地占用、天敌涵养和生物控害潜力等因素,确定4 m宽度植草带是具有推广价值的农田边界模式。 Grassy strip is the main area for species migration,community succession,matter and energy exchange among patches of farmland system,which is of great importance for maintaining agricultural biodiversity and improving farmland productivity.Based on the crop-pest-natural enemy interactions,grassy strips with different widths(2 m,4 m,6 m)and their neighboring fields as well as the crop strips with the same widths were selected.The samples of spider and carabid were collected by the method of pitfall traps.Then we investigated the effects of grassy strip width on species population,movement rules,and the potential of pest control in farmland.The results showed that the number of spider and carabid individuals in grassy strip was significantly higher than that in crop strip,the abundance of spiders and carabids species in 4 m and 6 m grassy strip was significantly higher than that in 2 m grassy strip,and the species richness and abundance in grassy strip were significantly higher than that in crop strip.In addition,there was high heterogeneity of spider and carabid communities in different widths of the grassy strip.In 4 m and 6 m grassy strips and their adjacent maize fields,the abundance of spiders and carabids was significantly higher in grassy strip and the junction between the grassy strip and their adjacent maize field than that in the fields.With the increase of distance to grassy strip,the spider species abundance showed a significant decrease trend.The width of the grassy strip and the distance jointly determined the spatial distribution of spiders and carabids.The results of Monte Carlo test showed that both the width of grassy strips and the Margalef index of vegetation had a significant impact on the community structure of spiders and carabids.Meanwhile,both the dominant families of spiders and the dominant species of carabids were distributed in the corn field adjacent to 6 m grassy strip.The ratios of spider and carabid to maize pests were significantly higher in 4 m and 6 m grassy strip than that in 2 m grassy strip.The maize field with 4 m and 6 m grassy strip had significantly increased the hundred-grain weight of maize grains and the total yield of maize compared with common maize field.The study indicates that the grassy strip is of great importance for conserving predatory natural enemies to prevent pest occurrence in maize field.Taking into account the field occupation,conservation of natural enemy and biological control of pests,we suggest that the grassy strip of 4 m width is the most potential farmland boundary model for popularization.
作者 黄兰媚 闫雪影 樊林染 张艳军 刘红梅 张海芳 赵建宁 杨殿林 王慧 HUANG Lanmei;YAN Xueying;FAN Linran;ZHANG Yanjun;LIU Hongmei;ZHANG Haifang;ZHAO Jianning;YANG Dianlin;WANG Hui(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China;Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Agricultural and Environmental Remediation Technology,Tianjin 300191,China)
出处 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期1079-1091,共13页 Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(32271651) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021-jbkyywf-wh)。
关键词 农田边界 植草带宽度 天敌 生物控害 field margins width of grassy strip natural enemy biological control of pests
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