东北天然林资源保护工程成效评估及热点区域识别

Assessment of the effectiveness of the Northeast Natural Forest Protection Project and identification of hot spot areas

东北地区天然林资源保护工程的实施,改善了生态环境,提高了生态系统服务能力,对东北地区生态系统服务也起到了积极促进作用。为了更直观的反映东北地区天保工程的实施成效,研究基于长时间序列的遥感监测数据集-土地利用数据,采用InVEST模型和RUSLE模型对1990—2020年天保工程实施前后东北地区和天保工程区生态系统服务变化进行定量评估分析并采用Getis-Ord Gi∗指数识别热点区域。结果表明:(1)东北地区1990—2020年城乡/工矿居民用地和耕地面积分别增加25.37%,12.15%,水域减少21.42%,草地减少14.02%,未利用土地和林地分别减少8.41%,5.34%。(2)1990—2020年东北地区和天保工程区土壤保持量分别增加了95.81×106 t、24.05×10^(6) t,碳储量分别减少了7.49×10^(8) tC、3.92×10^(8) tC,水源涵养量分别增加了177.51×10^(9) m^(3)、58.65×10^(9) m^(3)。(3)东北地区的极显著热点区域主要分布内蒙古地区东北部、黑龙江省北部、吉林省东部和辽宁省东部。随着天保工程的实施,极显著热点区域显著增加,且范围与天保工程高度重合。研究拟为后续东北地区林业政策和生态工程的实施提供科学的参考依据。

Implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project(NFPP)in Northeast China has improved the ecological environment and enhanced the ecosystem service capability.It also contributed positively to ecosystem services in Northeast China.In order to more directly reflect the implementation effect of the NFPP in Northeast China,this study is based on the remote sensing monitoring data set of long time series-land use data.The InVEST and RUSLE models were used to quantitatively assess and analyze changes in ecosystem services in Northeast China and NFPP area before and after the implementation of the NFPP from 1990 to 2020.And this study used the Getis-Ord Gi∗index to identify hot spot areas.The results showed that(1)cropland and forest were the center of gravity land use types in Northeast China,accounting for more than 65%of the total land use in a year.From 1990 to 2020,urban/built-up and water body area in the study area changed the most,followed by cropland and grassland,and forest and unused land changed the least.The area of urban/built-up and cropland in the study area increased by 25.37%and 12.15%,respectively,while the area of water body decreased by 21.42%and the area of grassland decreased by 14.02%.The area of unused and forest decreased by 8.41%and 5.34%.(2)Soil conservation in the study area and the NFPP area increased by 95.81×10^(6) t and 24.05×106 t respectively from 1990 to 2020,showing a trend of first decrease and then increase.Carbon storage decreased by 7.49×10^(8) tC and 3.92×10^(8) tC respectively,showing a continuous decrease.And water yield increased by 177.51×10^(9) m^(3) and 58.65×10^(9) m^(3),showing a trend of first decrease and then increase.Since the implementation of the NFPP,the overall trend of ecosystem services in the study area has been positive,and the implementation of the NFPP has had a positive effect on the ecosystem in Northeast China.(3)The spatial distribution of the extremely significant hot spot areas in the study area from 1990 to 2020 was basically consistent,mainly in the northeastern Inner Mongolia,northern Heilongjiang Province,eastern Jilin Province,and eastern Liaoning Province.With the implementation of the NFPP,the number of highly significant hot spot areas increased significantly,and the scope overlapped highly with the NFPP,and the hot spot and significant hot spot areas were gradually transformed into highly significant hot spot areas.Based on remote sensing monitoring data to systematically quantify the ecosystem services of the NFPP in Northeast China on a long time scale,the Getis-Ord Gi∗index was applied to the identification of priority protected areas for ecosystem services,providing a scientific reference for the subsequent implementation of forestry policies and ecological projects in Northeast China.