杨树溃疡病拮抗菌防治机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Controlling Poplar Canker by Antagonistic Microbes

随着杨树栽植面积不断扩大,杨树溃疡病发生趋重,对树木造成严重损害。杨树溃疡病主要防治手段为化学药剂,但环境污染和病原菌耐药性等问题越发严重,需开发无污染且防治有效的技术或策略。以植物根际微生态组学为研究手段,可获得提升植物抗病能力的有益微生物。这些拮抗菌能够抑制溃疡病原菌的生长且无环境污染,具有很好的生物防治潜力。鉴于此,本综述主要探讨拮抗菌对防治杨树溃疡病的作用方式,包括通过养分水分竞争和分泌抑菌物质抑制病原菌生长,提高植物抗病性抵御病原菌侵染,以及提高宿主自身的活性氧耐受性等机制。未来利用多组学手段,将微生物培养与宏基因组学、代谢组学充分结合,进一步探究拮抗菌的协同作用机制,将有助于开发高效、稳定、环保的微生物菌剂;同时,寻找合适的纳米材料作为载体,构建能最大限度发挥拮抗菌功能的菌剂体系,也是未来生物控制剂研发的重要方向之一。

Poplar is a major afforestation species which is widely planted worldwide.With the continuous expansion of poplar plant areas,the occurrence of poplar canker disease increased rapidly,causing serious damage to the trees.Currently,the major controlling method for poplar canker is chemical agents,but side effects such as environmental pollution and pathogen resistance are becoming more and more serious.There is an urgent need for developing effective non-polluting means to control the canker disease.By using microbiomes as a research tool,beneficial microorganisms that enhance plant disease resistance can be obtained.These antagonistic bacteria can inhibit the growth of canker pathogens without environmental pollution,and have good biological-control potential.This review mainly explores the role and mechanisms of antagonistic bacteria in the control of poplar canker,including inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria through nutrient and water competition,secreting bacteriostatic substances,improving plant disease resistance to resist pathogen infection,and improving the host's own reactive oxygen species tolerance,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of efficient and specific bacterial agents,and scientific prevention and control technology.