福建安溪地区中小学生生长发育情况及营养结构分析

Growth and Development of Primary and Middle School Students in Anxi County and Analysis of Nutritional Structure

目的:调查安溪地区中小学生生长发育情况及营养状况,为安溪地区卫生保健工作策略提供依据。方法:基于2022年安溪地区中小学生体检数据,随机整群抽取小学、初中及高中各2所,共计9013例学生作为研究对象,对其身高、体质量及营养状况进行统计分析。结果:安溪地区7~16岁男生平均身高为(154.3±17.0)cm,女生为(150.3±12.8)cm;男生平均体质量为(47.4±16.5)kg,女生为(42.8±12.5)kg,均明显高于全国常模,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男生营养不良、肥胖、超重发生率分别为12.0%、12.5%、16.6%,女生分别为10.1%、6.8%、7.7%,男生发生率均高于女生;小学生营养不良、肥胖、超重发生率分别为12.3%、13.1%、14.5%,中学生分别为10.3%、7.5%、12.9%,小学生发生率均高于中学生,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:安溪地区中小学生平均身高、体质量高于全国水平,男生肥胖、超重问题突出,学校及相关部门应予以重视并及时采取相应干预措施进行控制,减少肥胖发生率。

Objective To investigate the growth,development,and nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area,and provide a basis for health care strategies in Anxi area.Methods Based on the physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area in 2022,two primary,middle,and high schools were randomly selected from a cluster,with a total of 9013 students as the research subjects.Their height,body weight,and nutritional status were statistically analyzed.Results The average height of boys aged 7 to 16 in Anxi area was(154.3±17.0)cm,and that of girls was(150.3±12.8)cm;The average body weight of male students was(47.4±16.5)kg,and that of female students was(42.8±12.5)kg,which were significantly higher than the national norm,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence rates of malnutrition,obesity,and overweight in male students were 12.0%,12.5%,and 16.6%,respectively,while those in female students were 10.1%,6.8%,and 7.7%,respectively.The incidence rates in male students were higher than those in female students;The incidence rates of malnutrition,obesity,and overweight in primary school students were 12.3%,13.1%,and 14.5%,respectively,while those in middle school students were 10.3%,7.5%,and 12.9%,respectively.The incidence rates in primary school students were higher than those in middle school students,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The average height and weight of primary and secondary school students in Anxi area are higher than those of the national level,and male obesity and overweight are prominent issues.Schools and relevant departments should pay attention to them and take corresponding intervention measures in a timely manner to control and reduce the incidence of obesity.