非法采矿罪的保护法益与违法性认定

The Legal Interests Protected and Determination of Illegality Concerning the Crime of Illegal Mining

非法采矿罪的保护法益包括国家对矿产资源的所有权、矿产资源的完好性及生态环境。其中,矿产资源所有权是本罪必然侵犯的法益,而矿产资源的完好性与生态环境可谓选择性法益。取得采矿许可证而开采的,原则上排除非法采矿罪的违法性,但特殊情况下也可能构成非法采矿罪;未取得采矿许可证而开采的,原则上构成非法采矿罪,特殊情况下也可能排除非法采矿罪的违法性。采矿许可(证)属于解禁性许可,行为人通过贿赂、欺骗等不正当手段取得采矿许可证而开采矿产资源的,并不阻却违法性,应构成非法采矿罪。但是基于具体行政行为的公定力,在程序上应当由作出采矿许可决定的行政机关或其上级行政机关撤销许可后,司法机关方可认定为非法采矿罪。

The legal interests protected concerning the crime of illegal mining include state ownership over mineral resources,integrity of mineral resources and the ecological environment.State ownership over mineral resources is the legal interest inevitably infringed,while the integrity of mineral resources and the ecological environment are so-called selective legal interests.Mining with a mining permit in principle excludes the illegality of the crime of illegal mining,but constitutes the crime of illegal mining in special circumstances.Mining without a mining permit in principle constitutes the crime of illegal mining and may exclude the illegality of the crime of illegal mining in special circumstances.A mining permit(license)is kind of ban-lifting permission,thus a perpetrator mines mineral resources with a mining permit achieved through illegal means such as bribery and deception,the illegality shall not be excluded and the crime of illegal mining shall be constituted.Nevertheless,based on the presumptive authority of an specific administrative act,in procedure,after the permit is revoked by the administrative organ which makes the decision of issuing such mining permit or by its higher administrative organ,the judicial authority can find the perpetrator guilty of the crime of illegal mining.