佛山地区14岁以下儿童意外伤害的流行病学特点及教育干预效果研究

Study on Epidemiological Characteristics and Educational Intervention Effect of Unintentional Injuries in Children under 14 years old in Foshan

目的 探究佛山地区14岁以下儿童意外伤害的流行病学特点及教育干预效果研究。方法 通过分层整群抽样方法,了解本地区儿童意外伤害的流行病学现况(发生率、类型及程度、发生地点及发生季节),分析意外伤害发生的影响因素,并随机抽取佛山市4所幼儿园、4所小学、4所初中,随机分为干预组及对照组,各2家幼儿园、2家小学、2家初中,干预组给予教育干预,普及儿童意外伤害相关的知识,观察其教育效果。结果 (1)佛山地区14岁以下儿童意外伤害的流行病学特点:意外伤害住院儿童共168例,其中男童164例(61.89%),女童101例(38.11%),男女比为1.62∶1。包括烧/烫伤124例、各种异物(食道或气道等)111例、交通意外13例、中毒8例、溺水7例、坠落/跌倒2例、爆炸伤0例、动物伤害0例、电击伤0例。(2)佛山地区14岁以下儿童意外伤害的教育干预效果:干预组经教育干预,已学会初步处理儿童意外伤害,显著提升了儿童意外伤害知识得分,与对照组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在佛山地区对14岁以下儿童意外伤害进行教育干预可以有效提高儿童及家长对意外伤害的认知、处置水平,降低意外伤害的发生率,减少产生的不良后果。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries in children under 14 years old in Foshan and study the effect of educational intervention.Methods Through stratified cluster sampling,the epidemiological status of children's unintentional injuries(incidence,type and degree,place and season of occurrence)was investigated,and the influencing factors of unintentional injuries were analyzed,4 kindergartens,4 primary schools and 4 junior high schools in Foshan were randomly selected and randomly divided into intervention group and control group,2 kindergartens,2 primary schools and 2 junior high schools each,the intervention group was given educational intervention to popularize the knowledge related to children's unintentional injuries and observe its educational effect.Results①The epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries in children under 14 years old in Foshan area:168 hospitalized children with unintentional injuries,including 164 boys(61.89%)and 101 girls(38.11%),the male-female ratio was 1.62:1.There were 124 cases of burn/scald,111 cases of various foreign bodies(esophagus or airway,etc.),16 cases of traffic accidents,8 cases of poisoning,7 cases of drowning,2 cases of fall,0 cases of explosion injury,0 cases of animal injury,and 0 cases of electric shock injury.②Effect of educational intervention on accidental injuries of children under 14 years old in Foshan area,The intervention group had learned to deal with accidental injuries of children initially after educational intervention,which significantly improved the knowledge and score of accidental injuries of children,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Educational intervention for children under 14 years old in Foshan can effectively improve children's and parents'cognition and disposal level of accidental injury,and reduce the incidence of accidental injury and its adverse consequences.