家庭膳食宣教对社区糖尿病患者膳食结构影响分析

Analysis of Influence of Family Diet Education on Dietary Structure of Diabetic Patients in Community

目的 探索家庭膳食宣教对社区糖尿病患者膳食情况的作用及相关分析。方法 选取2022年1—12月三家社区卫生服务中心的糖尿病患者400例,将资料收集并输入营养膳食分析软件,干预后进行患者前后情况分析。结果 干预前,研究对象摄入脂肪、碳水化合物、钠、磷高于推荐量,蛋白质、钙、镁、膳食纤维、维生素、硒均低于推荐量,差异具有统计学意义。干预后,患者膳食正常供能占比情况、低GI(glycemic index,血糖生成指数)膳食的比例、微量元素的量(钙、镁)、膳食纤维量均升高,BMI指数、糖化血红蛋白(%)较前降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 社区糖尿病患者膳食结构不平衡。以家庭膳食宣教为干预手段能较好地改变社区2型糖尿病患者膳食结构,降低BMI及血糖,达到控糖效果。

Objective To explore the effect of family diet education on the diet of diabetic patients in community and its correlation analysis.Methods 400 patients with diabetes were selected from three social health centers from January to December 2022,and the data were collected and input into the nutritional and dietary analysis software.After intervention,the situation of patients was analyzed before and after intervention.Results The intake of fat,carbohydrate,sodium and phosphorus was higher than the recommended amount,while the intake of protein,calcium,magnesium,dietary fiber,vitamin and selenium was lower than the recommended amount,with statistically significant differences.After intervention,the proportion of normal dietary energy supply,the proportion of low GI(glycemic index)diets,the amount of trace elements(calcium,magnesium)and dietary fiber of patients were all increased,while BMI and glycated hemoglobin(%)were decreased compared with before,and the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion The dietary structure of diabetic patients in community is unbalanced.Family diet education as intervention means can better change the dietary structure of type 2 diabetes patients,reduce BMI and blood sugar,and achieve the effect of sugar control.