数字经济时代的“红利”与“鸿沟”:异质性劳动力的微观表征

Dividend and Divide in the Era of Digital Economy:Micro-characterization of Heterogeneous Workforce

作为新科技革命条件下产业发展的方向,数字经济具有双刃剑的特点。文章将数字经济发展指数和中国流动人口动态监测调查数据相结合,构建多部门一般均衡理论模型,并实证探讨数字经济发展对工资收入分配的影响。研究发现:数字经济会对高技能劳动力和非常规认知型职业劳动力产生工资溢价效应,降低低技能劳动力的工资收入,从而扩大技能工资收入差距。其中,数字经济引致的城市生产率效应和创新效应是扩大工资收入差距的重要传导机制,且人力资本积累会进一步扩大差距。此外,数字经济的工资溢价效应在东中部地区、人口规模100万及以上的城市、非中老年群体及非农户口群体中更显著。

As the direction of industrial development under the new scientific and technological revolution,digital economy is characterized by a double-edged sword.Combining the digital economy development index and the national floating population dynamic monitoring data,this paper constructs a multi-sectoral general equilibrium theoretical model,and empirically explores the impact of digital economy development on the distribution of wage income.The study finds that the digital economy will have a wage premium effect on high-skilled labors and non-conventional cognitive occupational labors,and reduce the wage income of low-skilled labors,thus widening the skill wage income gap.Among them,the urban productivity effect and innovation effect caused by digital economy are important transmission mechanisms to expand the wage income gap,and the accumulation of human capital will further widen the gap.In addition,the wage premium effect of digital economy is more significant in the eastern and central regions,cities with a population size greater than 1 million,non-middle-aged and elderly groups,and non-agricultural household registration groups.