若尔盖高寒湿地生态效益补偿实践研究

Practical Research on Ecological Benefits Compensation of ZoigêAlpine Wetlands

为精准保护和管理高寒湿地生态系统,实施湿地生态效益补偿,促进区域协调可持续发展。若尔盖国家级自然保护区2015~2021年采取季节性限牧还湿、禁牧还湿、草畜平衡和封育种草等4种湿地生态效益补偿形式。湿地生态效益补偿保护了区域生态安全和生物多样性,有利于当地的经济和居民收入的生长,促进了民族地区的社会和谐,增强了民众的生态环保意识,有利于生态文明与社会经济和谐发展。但仍存在社会参与度低且形式和补偿对象单一,资金和宣传保护短缺等问题,因此,需进一步拓宽资金投入渠道,完善补偿机制,多元化补偿对象与形式以及加强湿地保护宣传教育,以加快推进若尔盖湿地区域协调和高质量发展。

In order to accurately protect and manage the alpine wetland ecosystem,implement wetland ecological benefit compensation,and promote regional coordinated and sustainable development.From 2015 to 2021,the ZoigêNational Nature Reserve adopted four forms of wetland ecological benefits compensation,namely seasonal grazing restriction and wetland return,banning grazing and wetland return,grazing and livestock balance and sealing and planting grass.Wetland ecological benefit compensation protected regional ecological security and biodiversity,was conducive to the growth of local economy and residents'income,promoted social harmony in ethnic areas,enhanced people's awareness of ecological and environmental protection,and was conducive to the harmonious development of ecological civilization and social economy.However,there were still problems such as low social participation,single form and compensation object,and shortage of funds and publicity protection.Therefore,it was necessary to further expand the channels of investment,improve the compensation mechanism,diversify the compensation objects and forms,and strengthen the publicity and education of wetland protection,so as to accelerate the coordinated and high-quality development of ZoigêWetland.