基于仿真试验的地铁车站站台宽度设计方法及影响因素分析

Metro Station Platform Width Design Method and Influencing Factors Analysis Based on Simulation Tests

[目的]当前站台宽度设计计算方法存在客流预测精度较低、客流密度参数取值宽泛、选择依据不明晰、设计裕量缺少量化依据等问题,需对此提出改进,并基于仿真试验标定站台宽度设计的参数取值。[方法]以《地铁设计规范》的标准为依据,给出站台服务水平分级标准,提出以站台服务水平为基准的单侧站台宽度设计方法。通过仿真试验对关键参数进行标定,对客运量与单侧站台峰值密度关系曲线最小二乘法拟合得到客流密度理论值与实际值的换算系数。考虑站台宽度的影响因素,对乘客滞留比例、乘客携带大件行李比例通过仿真试验进行客流换算测算,并得到相应条件下的站台宽度计算方法。对于考虑多因素影响的计算场景,设计正交试验对参数进行修正,得到最终的单侧站台宽度计算方法。[结果及结论]单侧站台实际峰值密度约为理论值的0.9倍;乘客滞留和乘客携带大件行李对单侧站台峰值密度的影响分别约相当于1.19和1.75倍的普通上下车乘客;当乘客滞留和乘客携带大件行李两个因素同时作用于单侧站台时,造成的影响高于单因素影响的叠加。

[Objective]The current design calculation methods for platform width suffer from issues such as low passenger flow prediction accuracy,broad range of passenger flow density parameter values,unclear selection criteria,and a lack of quantifiable basis for design margins.Improvement is needed targeting the situation,parameter values for platform width design is calibrated based on stimulation tests.[Method]Based on the standards outlined in the Code for Design of Metro,a grading standard for platform service levels is established,and a single-side platform width design method based on platform service level is proposed.Through simulation tests,key parameters are calibrated,and a conversion coefficient between theoretical and actual values of passenger flow density is obtained by fitting the relationship curve of passenger volume and single-side platform peak density using least squares method.Considering the factors influencing platform width,passenger flow conversion calculations are performed for passenger dwell proportion and passengers carrying large items proportion through simulation test,providing platform width calculation methods under corresponding conditions.For computing scenarios that consider the influence of multiple factors,an orthogonal test is designed to adjust parameters and obtain the final calculation method for single-side platform width.[Result&Conclusion]The single-side platform actual peak density is approximately 0.9 times the theoretical value.The impact of passenger dwell and passengers carrying large items on single-side platform peak density is approximately equivalent to 1.19 and 1.75 times the impact of regular boarding and alighting passengers.When both the above factors simultaneously act on the single-side platform,the resulting impact exceeds the cumulated effects of single factor.