北京地铁首都机场线车辆紧急制动安全监控装置的设计及验证

Design and Verification of Safety Monitoring Device for Emergency Braking of Beijing Subway Capital Airport Line Vehicles

[目的]为降低摩擦制动损耗,确保电制动参与下的紧急制动性能,北京地铁首都机场线车辆设置一种基于两级紧急制动控制的安全监控装置,对车辆的紧急制动过程进行管理。[方法]从其控制方法出发,阐述了该装置两级紧急制动控制模式的切换方法。该装置设置多路速度采集通道实时监测多路轴速,计算车辆的运行速度、制动加速度和制动距离。建立车辆的紧急制动控制模型,评估车辆的紧急制动性能,控制牵引或制动系统施加紧急制动。在车辆紧急制动时,该装置控制车辆牵引和制动系统优先施加Ⅰ级紧急制动;当车辆的Ⅰ级紧急制动性能不满足要求时,该装置通过切换发送至牵引和制动系统的紧急制动指令,切换紧急制动的施加方式,控制车辆施加Ⅱ级紧急制动。[结果及结论]现场试验及装车运营检验结果表明,在车速为40 km/h条件下,该装置的制动加速度判据值平均值为1.26 m/s^(2)左右,实际制动加速度平均值为1.27 m/s^(2)左右,计算模型符合车辆紧急制动的实际状态,制动性能满足制动加速度要求,能在保证紧急制动性能的前提下充分发挥车辆电制动能力,减少了车辆制动系统摩擦副磨耗,降低了车辆擦轮风险,提升了车辆的可用性。

[Objective]To reduce friction brake wear and ensure emergency braking performance under electric braking,a safety monitoring device based on a two-stage emergency braking control is installed on Beijing Subway Airport Line vehicles to manage the emergency braking process.[Method]Starting from the control method,the device switching method for the two-stage emergency braking control mode is elucidated.The device is equipped with multiple speed acquisition channels to monitor multi-channel axle speeds in real-time,calculate the vehicle running speed,braking acceleration,and braking distance,establish the vehicle emergency braking control performance,and control the traction or braking system to apply emergency braking.During the vehicle emergency braking,the device prioritizes applying Level I emergency braking by controlling the vehicle traction and braking systems.When the performance of vehicle Level I emergency braking does not meet the requirements,the device switches to send emergency braking commands to the traction and braking systems,changing the method of applying emergency braking,and controlling the vehicle to apply Level II emergency braking.[Result&Conclusion]Field tests and on-board operations validate through inspection that the average criterion for device braking acceleration is approximately 1.26 m/s^(2)under the condition of 40 km/h train speed.The actual average braking acceleration is around 1.27 m/s^(2),indicating that the computation model conforms to the actual state of the vehicle emergency braking.The braking performance meets the braking acceleration requirements,effectively leveraging the vehicle electric braking capability while ensuring emergency braking performance.This approach reduces frictional wear of the vehicle braking system,lowers the risk of wheel slippage,and enhances vehicle availability.