当代教学的价值偏差及其调整

Deviation and adjustment of values on teaching and learning in this era

教学既要指向学生人格的发展和完善,也要教授学生适应和改造外部世界的知识和技能,所以教学的价值主要体现在本体性价值和工具性价值辩证统一的动态平衡当中。然而,当代教学对工具性价值的过度张扬导致了本体性价值的迷失,主要表现为:在教学目标层面,对功利的追逐侵占了伦理性的精神家园;在教学内容层面,对科学事实的推崇导致了人类意义世界的异化;在教学实施层面,对差异的过度关注动摇了共性的中坚地位;在教学评价层面,对个体遭遇的偏重压缩了公共关怀的空间。在市场化日渐加剧的时代,扭转教学工具性价值过度张扬的局面、重拾教学的育人功能具有重要的理论和现实意义,对教师而言,则要深化教学的价值认知,重塑教学的价值结构,并在此基础上激发教学的价值自觉。

Teaching should not only point to the development and perfection of students'personality,but also teach students the knowledge and skills of adapting and revolutionizing the external world.Therefore,the value of teaching is mainly reflected in the dynamic balance of the dialectical unity of ontological value and instrumental value.However,the excessive extension of instrumental value in teaching has led to the loss of ontological value,which is mainly manifested in the pursuit of utility which has occupied the spiritual home of ethics at the level of teaching goals,the respect for scientific facts which leads to the alienation of the world of human meaning at the level of teaching content;the excessive attention to differences that has eliminated the central position of commonality at the level of teaching implementation,and the emphasis on individuality that colonizes the space for public care at the level of teaching evaluation.In an era of increasing marketization in education,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to reverse the situation of excessively exaggerating the instrumental values of teaching and regain educational function of teaching.For teachers,it is necessary to deepen their understanding of the value of teaching and reshape the value structure of instruction.Based on this,teachers'value consciousness ought to be stimulated.