减少储粮隐蔽性害虫损失的技术路径与研究

TECHNICAL PATH AND RESEARCH ON REDUCING THE LOSS OF HIDDEN PESTS IN GRAIN STORAGE

减少储粮隐蔽性害虫损失对更全方位地节粮减损具有重要意义。讨论了谷物储藏主要隐蔽性害虫及其危害,强调粮食入仓无虫粮应注意隐蔽性害虫的检测,及时杀虫处理。储粮一旦发现隐蔽性害虫,即使害虫密度远低于一般虫粮或基本无虫粮等级,也应尽快杀虫。低温、低水分和质量完好是减少隐蔽性害虫感染危害的重要途径。隐蔽性害虫检测可更早掌握害虫发生以利于早防治及避免进一步取食危害。现有隐蔽性害虫检测方法通常存在成本高、仪器复杂、操作费时、有些虫期检测难等问题,本文利用国家专利制成便携式二氧化碳检测仪循环取样检测二氧化碳气体浓度装置,大量测试证明其操作更加便捷,检测速度更快,灵敏度更高。据ISO 6639-4中整粒粮漂浮法进行改进,可通过小样样品(15粒)在5 min内判断样品隐蔽性害虫感染。

Reducing the loss of hidden pests in grain storage is of great significance for more comprehensive grain conservation and reduction.This article discussed the main hidden pests and their harm in grain storage,emphasized that attention should be paid to the detection of hidden pests in non insect free grain storage,and timely implementation of pest control measures.Even if the density of hidden pests was much lower than that of general insect or basic insect free grain when they were found,they should be killed as soon as possible.Low temperature,low moisture,and good quality were important ways to reduce the harm of hidden pest infections.Concealed pest detection could help detect the occurrence of pests earlier in order to facilitate early management and avoid further feeding hazards.In covert pest detection methods,which are usually costly,instrument complex,time-consuming,and difficult to detect some insect stages,this article used a national patent to develop a portable carbon dioxide detector for cyclic sampling and detection of dioxin gas concentration.A large number of tests had proven that the operation was more convenient,and the detection speed and sensitivity were higher.According to ISO 6639-4,the whole grain floating method had been improved,which could be used to detect hidden pest infections in small samples(15 grains)within 5 minutes.