黄河首曲湿地植物群落生产力、物种多样性及其与生境的关系

Productivity and species diversity of plant communities and their relationship with habitats in the wetland of first meander of Yellow River

近年来,在气候变化与人为干扰等因素的驱动下,高寒湿地退化导致生物多样性的丧失如何影响生态系统功能尚无共识。以黄河首曲高寒湿地为研究对象,基于野外采样数据和植物群落多样性指数,重点分析植物物种多样性、地上生物量空间分布格局及其与土壤因子关系。结果表明:首曲湿地存在一定程度退化,植物群落组成主要集中在菊科和禾本科,莎草科和豆科植物较少;植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量未表现出显著的经纬度和海拔梯度变化;Patrick丰富度指数(R)和Shannon⁃Weiner多样性指数(H)与地上生物量呈显著正相关,说明保护区植物多样性的保护有利于生产力维持;土壤含水量影响着高寒湿地植被群落结构,与多样性指数呈显著相关性,是高寒湿地植被恢复和重建的关键性因子。该研究结果对于认识黄河首曲高寒湿地植物生物量和物种多样性及土壤因子的空间分异规律具有一定的参考价值,同时为高寒湿地退化生态系统功能的恢复及生物多样性的保护提供科学依据。

Wetlands are a unique ecosystem formed by the interaction of water and land,and have the function of maintaining different plant community types,and greatly promote species richness of the region.Wetlands are important for preserve biological balance,water and carbon cycle regulation,control the climate,biological diversity and economic value.As a result,wetlands are becoming a popular topic for biodiversity conservation study.However,due to the effects of climate change and human activity,wetlands have demonstrated some degree of deterioration and have emerged as one of the most vulnerable ecosystems.In recent years,due to the vulnerability of alpine wetlands,sensitivity to climate change and increasing human activities,alpine wetlands are facing a severe situation of degradation and succession,and biodiversity is threatened.However,there is no consensus on how the loss of biodiversity caused by alpine wetland degradation affects ecosystem functions.Therefore,this paper chooses the wetland of the first meander of the Yellow River was selected as the research object.In July—August 2021,a total of 52 sample plots were investigated every five kilometers at the boundary of the wetland reserve.Soil characteristics were analyzed,including soil pH(pH),soil water content(SWC),Electrical conductivity(EC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and four kinds of plant community diversity index(Patrick index、Shannon⁃Weiner index、Pielou index、Simpson index)was selected.Thus,the geographical distribution pattern of plant species variety and aboveground biomass,as well as its correlation with soil variables,were examined using data from field sampling and the plant community diversity index.The findings indicated that the wetland has undergone some degree of deterioration.Compositae and Gramineae made up the majority of the plant community,whereas Cyperaceae and Leguminosae plants were few.Plant communities′species diversity and aboveground biomass did not significantly alter along latitude,longitude,or altitude gradients.Aboveground biomass was strongly positively linked with both the Patrick richness index(R)and Shannon⁃Weiner diversity index(H),showing that the preservation of plant diversity in the reserve was helpful for preserving production.A crucial component of alpine wetland vegetation restoration and reconstruction,soil water content significantly correlated with variety index and influences the community structure of the vegetation in these areas.The findings provide a scientific foundation for the restoration of degraded ecosystem functions and the preservation of biodiversity in the alpine wetland.They also have some reference value for understanding the spatial differentiation of plant biomass,species diversity,and soil factors in the alpine wetland of the Yellow River.