酶固定化技术的最新研究进展

Recent advances in enzyme immobilization technology

酶作为一种催化性能好且安全可靠的生物催化剂,在食品、医药及环境治理等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,但因受限于游离酶较差的环境稳定性而难以实现进一步的工业化应用。酶固定化技术有助于提高游离酶对敏感环境的耐受性和操作过程中的稳定性,大大缩减了应用成本。回顾了近五年内固定化技术的发展及现状,总结了吸附法、结合法等传统固定化方法,共固定化酶法等新型固定化方法,以及天然材料载体、复合材料载体和纳米载体等不同固定化载体在各个领域的研究进展。相比于游离酶,固定化酶体系在稳定性和重复使用性等方面得到了显著提升,但同时也存在一些不足,如固定后的活性回收率降低、载体合成途径繁琐且成本较高以及固定化酶作用机理尚不完善等。结合这些不足之处提出了酶固定化技术在未来的发展方向。

As an efficient and safe biocatalyst,enzymes have been widely used in many fields such as food,medicine and environmental governance,but it is difficult to realize further industrial application due to the poor environmental stability of free enzymes.Enzyme immobilization technology helps to improve the tolerance of free enzymes to sensitive environments and the stability during operation,and greatly reduces the application cost.This paper reviews the development and current situation of immobilization technology in the past five years,and summarizes the research progress of different immobilization methods(including traditional immobilization methods such as adsorption method and binding method and new immobilization methods such as co-immobilization enzyme method)and immobilization carriers(including natural material carriers,composite carriers and nanocarriers)in various fields.In general,compared with free enzymes,the immobilized enzyme system has been significantly improved in terms of stability and reusability.However,there are some shortcomings,such as lower recovery rate after immobilization,cumbersome and costly carrier synthesis pathway,and imperfect mechanism of immobilization enzyme.Finally,the development direction of the technology in the future was put forward based on these shortcomings.