社会经济驱动的环境水质问题研究进展

Review on environmental water quality issues driven by socioeconomic activities

社会经济活动驱动水污染物排放并影响环境水质,进而威胁人体健康和生态安全.单一从自然环境系统视角研究水污染过程难以充分揭示产生环境水质问题的根源,有必要同时从社会经济-自然环境复合生态系统视角揭示社会经济活动对环境水质问题的驱动作用.本文从复合生态系统视角对环境水质问题研究进行系统梳理.分析发现,现有研究从生产、消费等多视角识别了驱动水污染物排放的关键地区和行业,并探究了水污染物排放变化的社会经济影响因素(如排放强度、经济发展水平).过量水污染物排放加剧了环境水质恶化,已有研究采用灰水足迹、污染物浓度等多种指标表征水污染程度,进而分析了社会经济活动对水质变化的驱动作用.此外,现有研究探究了水质变化对社会经济系统的直接和间接反馈作用,揭示了水质变化影响的跨区域-跨行业传导过程.这些研究为优化调控社会经济因素以改善环境水质提供了决策依据.目前,水污染数据仍存在精度不高、时间序列较短等问题,且相关研究缺少水污染环境影响的社会经济溯源分析、社会经济系统与环境水质之间动态闭环模拟等.

Socioeconomic activities drive water pollutant emissions and influence water quality,posing threats to both human health and ecological safety.Studies on water pollution from the perspective of natural environment cannot fully reveal the underlying drivers of water quality issues.It is necessary to concurrently reveal the effects of socioeconomic activities on water quality issues from the perspective of socioeconomic-natural coupled system.This study provides a systematic review of studies on water quality issues from the coupled system perspective.Existing studies have identified the critical regions and sectors for water pollutant emissions from multiple perspectives(e.g.,production-based and consumption-based perspectives).Scholars have also revealed the socioeconomic influencing factors(e.g.,emission intensity and economic development level)of the changes in water pollutant emissions.Excessive water pollutant emissions exacerbate the decline of water quality.Various indicators(e.g.,grey water footprint and pollutant concentration)are proposed to characterize the water pollution degree and explore its socioeconomic drivers.In addition,existing studies have evaluated the direct impacts of water quality changes on socioeconomic system.Scholars have also explored the indirect feedback effects of water quality changes on socioeconomic system,which reveals the cross-regional and cross-sectoral transfer processes of the impacts of water quality changes.These studies provide scientific foundations for optimizing socioeconomic factors to improve water quality.However,there still remain challenges on water pollutant data due to the low accuracy and short time series of existing data.Moreover,it is urgent to conduct studies on socioeconomic tracking analysis for the environmental impacts caused by water pollution,as well as the dynamic and looping simulation of the interactions between the socioeconomic system and environmental water quality.