微塑料及其复合污染对水生生物的毒性与生态风险研究进展

Research progress on toxicity and ecological risk of microplastics and their combined pollution to aquatic organisms

近年来,微塑料已成为备受瞩目的新型污染物之一.微塑料在水生生态系统中广泛存在,且易与水中其它污染物形成复合污染.因此,微塑料及其复合污染对水生生物的影响以及水生生态系统的生态风险越来越受到关注.本文在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,概括了水生生态系统中微塑料污染的主要特点,归纳了微塑料及其复合污染对水生生态系统中藻类、浮游动物、鱼类等水生生物的影响,探讨了微塑料沿食物链的传递作用及其对水生生态系统生态风险的潜在影响,梳理了目前水域生态系统微塑料研究所面临的主要问题,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望,以期为评估微塑料及其复合污染对水生生物和水域生态系统的影响提供科学依据.

Microplastics(MPs)have become new pollutants and been paid significant attention to in recent years.MPs are widely present in aquatic ecosystems and commonly result in combined pollution with other water pollutants which affects aquatic organisms as well as the ecological risks to the aquatic ecosystem.Based on the review of relevant domestical and international studies,the primary characteristics of MPs pollution in aquatic ecosystems,the impact of MPs and their combined pollution on aquatic organisms such as algae,planktonic animals and fish were summarized.The transmission of MPs along the food chain,its potential impact on the ecological risks of the aquatic ecosystem and the main issues in the process of conducting research on MPs in aquatic ecosystems were also discussed.The perspective efforts on future research were suggested aiming to further the scientific research on assessing the impact of MPs and their combined pollution on aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems.