流域农业面源污染防治科学问题与技术研发需求

Scientific issues and technological development needs for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in river basins

农业面源污染是当前我国面临的重要环境问题之一,也是影响我国水体环境质量持续改善的瓶颈.近年来,我国面源污染治理日益受到重视,相关治理管理体系逐步建立,但我国农业面源污染治理起步相对较晚、研究基础较薄弱.本文针对农业面源污染的现状及研究进展,总结提出了流域农业面源污染的三大科学问题及技术难题:流域面源污染发生规律及水体水质响应机制、农业面源污染削减和资源化原理、监管机制,并从农业面源污染通量监测、负荷核算、适用性技术研发、考核评估机制建立等方面提出了技术研发的需求,以期为我国流域农业面源污染防治及管理提供科学参考.

Agriculture non-point source pollution is one of the significant environmental issues currently faced in China,and it is also a bottleneck affecting the continuous improvement of the quality of our water bodies.In recent years,the management of non-point source pollution in China has received increasing attention,and the related management system has been gradually established.However,the start of the management of agricultural non-point source pollution in China is relatively late,and the research foundation is weak.This article focuses on the current situation and research progress of agricultural non-point source pollution in China,and summarizes three major scientific issues and technical problems of river basin agricultural non-point source pollution:the occurrence laws of agricultural non-point source pollution and the response mechanism of water quality,the principles of agricultural non-point source pollution reduction and resource utilization,and the diversified co-governance mechanism.From the perspectives of agricultural non-point source pollution flux monitoring,load accounting,applicability technology research and development,and the establishment of assessment and evaluation mechanisms,the technological development needs were proposed,aiming at providing scientific reference for the prevention and control,and management of agricultural non-point source pollution in China's river basins.