城市多源固废协同利用与区域绿色循环发展研究——以东莞海心沙国家资源循环利用示范基地为例

Synergism utilization of urban multi-source solid waste and district green recycling development—Taking Dongguan Haixinsha National Resource Recycling Demonstration Base as an example

固体废弃物长期堆存和粗放处置利用造成严重的水-土-气复合污染,加强固体废弃物的科学有效利用,不仅利于解决我国固废重大污染问题,还能缓解我国资源能源短缺困境。文章梳理了3种典型类别的城市固废综合处理经验模式,指出以集中化、资源化、绿色化为特征的固废循环经济处置利用模式是解决我国固废复杂问题的主要途径,因此急需系统地开展城市多源固废协同利用模式下的关键技术、装备,以及资源能源环境系统集成优化控制研究。以东莞海心沙国家资源循环利用示范基地发展实践为例,阐述了通过突破垃圾焚烧、餐厨制沼、市政污泥热解、电子污泥熔炼、废矿物油蒸馏、全过程代谢模拟数字孪生等一系列城市多源固废资源能源协同清洁高效回收与智能管控关键技术,大幅提升了基地的资源能源综合回收效率,降低了区域环境综合影响水平,真正实现了粤港澳大湾区典型城市多源固废的资源能源耦合高效利用和环境友好型发展。最后,从固废精细化管理、循环发展模式创新、无废社会建设等方面展望了城市多源固废综合利用与减污降碳协同发展的重点方向。

The long-term storage and extensive disposal of solid waste have caused serious water soil air composite pollution.It is necessary to strengthen the scientific and effective utilization of solid waste,which is not only conducive to solving the major pollution problem of solid waste,but also alleviates the shortage of resources and energy in China.This study summarizes three typical types of urban solid waste comprehensive treatment experience models,and points out that the solid waste circular economy model characterized by centralization,resource utilization,and greening is the main way to solve the complex problem of solid waste.Therefore,it is urgent to systematically carry out research on key technologies,equipment,and integrated optimization control of resource,energy,and environmental systems under the urban multi-source solid waste collaborative utilization model.Taking the development practice of Haixinsha National Resource Recycling Base as an example,by breaking through a series of key technologies such as domestic waste incineration,food waste biogas producing,municipal sludge pyrolysis,electronic sludge smelting,waste mineral oil distillation,and whole process metabolism digital twin,this study expounds that the comprehensive resource and energy recovery efficiency has been greatly improved,and the comprehensive environmental impact level has been greatly reduced.Finally,the key directions of multi-source solid waste comprehensive utilization and pollution collaborative control are prospected from the aspects of precise management of solid waste,innovation of circular economy development mode,and construction of waste free society.