入侵植物互花米草防治:理念、技术与实践

Control of invasive plant Spartina alterniflora:Concept,technology and practice

外来物种互花米草挤占本土动植物生存空间,导致潮间带生物多样性和湿地生态服务功能降低,因此,亟须遏制互花米草在我国滨海地区快速扩张的势头。文章介绍了互花米草入侵我国的概况及其造成的主要生态危害,提出了“生态危害评估—分区有效控制—监测预警”的互花米草防控理念,并对国内外互花米草治理技术和我国互花米草治理现状进行了总结分析。不同治理技术各有优缺点,把不同技术配合使用的综合治理技术通常可以取得更好的治理效果。截至2023年6月初,我国实施近200项互花米草防治项目,治理成本多数低于60000元/公顷。未来应着重研究:(1)防与控相结合,建立互花米草防治长效机制;(2)优化综合治理技术,加强专业机械设备研发;(3)加强对治理效果及治理工程对环境和生物影响的评估。

Alien Species Spartina alterniflora occupy the living space of native animals and plants,and lead to the reduction of biodiversity in the intertidal zone and wetland ecological service functions.Therefore,it is urgent to curb the rapid expansion of S.alterniflora in China’s coastal areas.This paper introduced the invasion situation and main ecological hazards of S.alterniflora in China,as well as put forward the concept of S.alterniflora control of“hazard assessment–zoning control–monitoring and early warning”.We summarized the control technologies of S.alterniflora at home and abroad and the current situation of S.alterniflora management in China.Different control technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages,and the integrated control technology combined with different technologies can usually achieve better control effect.As of early June 2023,China has implemented nearly 200 projects for controlling S.alterniflora,with most of the control costs being less than 60000 yuan per hectare.Finally,suggestions were put forward for future research:(1)combine prevention and control,and establish a long-term mechanism for the control of S.alterniflora;(2)optimize integrated control technologies,and strengthen the research and development of professional machinery and equipment;and(3)strengthen the evaluation of the control efficacy of the control project and its impact on the environment and biodiversity.