辽朝赐剑印现象探析——兼论辽朝便宜之权

Analysis of the phenomenon of sword seal granting in the Liao Dynasty:on Bian Yi power in the Liao Dynasty

辽朝统治者时有赐予臣子剑印的举动,这一举动通常会与便宜之权的授予联系在一起。赐剑印与赐旗鼓等为辽朝统治者授予臣下便宜之权所借助的主要形式,而御赐的剑印与旗鼓等可以视为臣子拥有便宜之权的凭证,便宜之权的授予对象一般为领军大将或镇守一方的地方官员。不过,辽朝便宜之权亦具有一定的适用范围,一般仅适用于军事或民事,并以军事为主,而臣子行使该项权力时不得超出适用范围。辽朝便宜之权既受到唐宋五代时期便宜之权的影响,也对金朝便宜之权的授予产生了一定影响。由于便宜之权对皇权构成了威胁,故辽朝统治者只有在情况紧急时才会考虑授予。

The rulers of the Liao Dynasty often bestowed sword seals on their subordinates,which was often associated with the granting of Bian Yi power.The measures such as granting sword seals and flags and drums were often the main forms used by the rulers of the Liao Dynasty to grant Bian Yi power to their subjects.The sword seals and flags and drums bestowed by the emperor can be regarded as evidence of the subjects having Bian Yi power,and the granting objects of Bian Yi power are generally the leading generals or local officials ruling a region.However,the Liao Dynasty's power of affordability also had a certain scope of application,generally only applicable to military or civil matters,and primarily military,the exercise of this power by vassals should not exceed the scope of application.In Liao Dynasty to Bian Yi power was not only influenced by the Tang,Song,and Five Dynasties period,but also had a certain impact on the granting of Bian Yi power in Jin Dynasty.Due to the threat posed by Bian Yi power to imperial power,the rulers of the Liao Dynasty only considered granting.