海底多金属硫化物开采的环境影响分析及应对策略

Environmental Impact Analysis and Coping Strategies of Seabed Polymetallic Sulfide Mining

为确保海底多金属硫化物商业开采在采矿过程中对环境不造成影响,结合现有的海底采矿技术,提出有必要开展海底多金属硫化物绿色采矿技术研究和环境评价研究,分析了在海底多金属硫化物开采中对海洋环境可能造成的影响.采矿过程对海底潜在的影响包括沉积物和生物栖息地移动、羽状流、光照、噪声、振动等,对海洋上部的潜在影响包括光照、噪声、废水排放等.为了实现海底多金属硫化物的商业开采,须弱化海底采矿作业对海底环境的影响,以确保海底采矿符合相关国际海洋法规.

Achieving commercial exploitation of seabed polymetallic sulfides requires ensuring that the environmental impact of the mining process is manageable.Combined with the existing seabed polymetallic sulfide mining technology scheme,the possible impact of seabed polymetallic sulfide mining on the marine environment is analyzed.The potential impact of mining process on the seabed includes sediment and biological habitat movement,plume,light,noise,vibration,and the potential impact on the upper ocean includes light,noise,and wastewater discharge.In order to realize the commercial exploitation of seabed polymetallic sulfide,the paper proposes that it is necessary to carry out the research on the green mining technology of seabed polymetallic sulfide and weaken the impact of seabed mining operations on the seabed environment.It is signixicant to carry out the environmental assessment study of seabed polymetallic sulfide mining process to ensure that seabed mining complies with relevant international marine regulations.