基于AHP-熵权法的食品冷链物流企业安全风险评估与实证研究

Empirical Study on Safety Risk Assessment of Food Cold Chain Logistics Enterprises Based on AHP-entropy Weight Method

按照风险分析-风险评估-风险管控的步骤,从冷链物流企业主要业务环节入手,运用HACPP危害分析法对冷链物流企业开展风险分析,识别安全风险因素。从人员风险、设备风险、作业风险、管理风险和外部环境风险5个方面构建了我国食品冷链物流企业风险评估综合指标体系,设计了指标的计算方法。采用层次分析法和熵权法相结合的组合集成赋权法分别确定一级指标和二级指标的权重,建立了多指标综合风险评估模型,并选取10家综合型第三方冷链物流企业为研究对象进行实证分析,对模型的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,综合型冷链物流企业普遍具有一定的全链条安全管控能力,但仍存在一定的质量安全风险。据此从提升设施装备专业水平、健全企业规范管理制度、加大温控监测技术应用以及完善安全风险评估机制等方面提出了有效的风险管控策略。

Following the sequence of risk analysis,risk assessment and risk control and focusing on the main business of a cold chain logistics enterprise,we analyzed the risk exposure of the cold chain logistics enterprise and identified the main safety risk factors using HACPP hazard analysis.Then,we constructed the comprehensive index system of risk assessment for the food cold chain logistics enterprises in China from five aspects,namely personnel risk,equipment risk,operation risk,management risk,and external environment risk,and designed the corresponding index calculation method.Also,using the combination weighting method that integrated analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and entropy weight method,we determined the weight of the primary and secondary indexes,and established a multi-index comprehensive risk assessment model.Finally,we selected 10 comprehensive third-party cold chain logistics enterprises as the research objects for empirical analysis,and verified the effectiveness of the model.The result showed that the comprehensive cold chain logistics enterprises generally have certain level of full-chain security control ability,but there are still some quality and safety risks.Consequently,we put forward effective risk management strategies from the aspects of improving the professional level of facilities and equipment,perfecting standardized corporate management system,increasing the application of temperature control and monitoring technology,and building a sound security risk assessment mechanism.