高邮鸭蛋特征品质指标分析

Analysis of Characteristic Quality Indexes of Gaoyou Duck Eggs

为挖掘高邮鸭蛋品质特征指标,采用代谢组学等技术对高邮鸭蛋的蛋品质指标、基础营养指标及小分子代谢物进行测定分析。结果显示,高邮鸭蛋的蛋质量、蛋形指数、蛋黄色度、哈夫单位、蛋白高度、蛋黄指数、粗蛋白质量分数指标高于其他品种;总氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、支链氨基酸、总脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,饱和脂肪酸含量低,表明高邮鸭蛋的部分感官蛋品品质参数、氨基酸和脂肪酸水平可表征高邮鸭蛋的特征品质。基于代谢组学技术绘制高邮鸭蛋的代谢指纹图谱,通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、偏最小二乘法分析(partial least-squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)模型、层次聚类分析(hierarchical clustering analysis,HCA)等方法挖掘高邮鸭蛋的特征组分。蛋黄中鉴定出252个化合物,差异化合物22个,蛋清中鉴定出184个化合物,差异化合物40个。其中,尿苷5’-单磷酸、鸟苷5’-单磷酸、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖胺为主要差异营养物质,蛋黄中的花生四烯酸为高邮鸭蛋特有营养成分,蛋清中的吲哚在高邮鸭蛋中未检出。

To explore the quality characteristics of Gaoyou duck eggs,metabolomics was used to analyze the quality indexes,basic nutritional indexes and small molecule metabolites.The results showed that the mass,egg shape index,egg yolk color,Haugh unit,egg white height,egg yolk index and crude protein content of Gaoyou duck eggs were higher than those of the other studied breeds.The contents of total amino acids,umami amino acids,branched-chain amino acids,total fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids were higher,and the content of saturated fatty acids was lower,indicating that sensory quality parameters,amino acids and fatty acids can characterize the quality of Gaoyou duck eggs.The characteristic components of Gaoyou duck eggs were uncovered by metabolomic fingerprinting,principal component analysis(PCA),partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).Totally 252 compounds and 22 differential compounds were identified in egg yolk,and 184 compounds and 40 differential compounds in egg white.Among them,uridine 5’-monophosphate,guanosine 5’-monophosphate,and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were the main differential nutrients,and arachidonic acid in egg yolk was the unique nutrient of Gaoyou duck eggs,while indole was not detected in the egg white of Gaoyou duck eggs.