基于PLC和伺服控制的内螺纹自动攻丝工作站设计

Design of an Automatic Tapping Workstation for Internal Threads Based on PLC and Servo Control

螺纹攻丝是制造业中重要的一项加工工艺,内螺纹加工通常采用丝锥切削的加工成型方法,螺纹切削的质量关系到螺纹连接的紧固性。为保证攻丝质量以及提高生产的效率,通过对两个伺服驱动器电子齿轮比的匹配计算,驱动两个伺服电机,从而达到旋转与进给作业的协同动作。针对内螺纹切削提出快速进给、旋转进刀、旋转退刀、快速返回4个阶段作业工序,并利用PLC和触摸屏设计工作站的控制系统,系统可快速切换不同牙距的刀具,有效提高工作站的加工范围及工作效率,采用转矩电流实时监控和提取区间最大值的方法,实现攻丝异常的报警,确保设备安全和攻丝质量、有效延长刀具寿命。通过追加平移模组作为上下料机械手,构成上料、攻牙、除屑、螺纹质量检测与分拣4个工作环节的工作站。该工作站实现了攻丝的全自动化、智能化,在效率的提升的同时,也减少了人力成本的投入,确保出厂零件螺纹的质量。

Thread tapping is an important processing process in the manufacturing industry.Internal thread processing usually adopts the processing and forming method of thread cone cutting.The quality of thread cutting is related to the fastening of the thread connection.In order to ensure the quality of tapping and improve the production efficiency of tapping,through the matching calculation of the electronic gear ratio of the two servo drivers,the two servo motors are driven to achieve the coordinated action of rotation and feeding operation.Four stages of operation procedures for internal thread cutting are put forward:rapid feed,rotary feed,rotary withdrawal and rapid return.The control system of the workstation is designed by using PLC and human interface.The system can quickly switch tools with different mode,effectively improving the processing range and working efficiency of the workstation.The method of torque current real-time monitoring and extracting the maximum value of the interval is adopted to realize the alarm of tapping abnormity,ensure the safety of equipment and tapping quality,and effectively extend the tool life.By adding a translation module as a loading and unloading manipulator as a workstation,which assembled by loading,tapping,chip removal,and thread quality detection and sorting.The workstation realizes full automation and intelligence of tapping,which improves efficiency while reducing labor costs and ensuring the quality of threads on factory parts.