考虑人因风险的装配线平衡优化方法

An Assembly Line Balancing Optimization Method Considering Human Factor Risk

“人本智造”已成为智能制造的新研究方向,日常生产活动需要更多考虑人类工效学(Ergonomics)。目前装配生产线平衡优化主要以提高装配效率为目的,缺乏对装配过程中人类工效学的关注。给出职业重复动作(OCRA)方法详细计算过程,并基于OCRA方法从动作频率、尴尬姿势、体力消耗及额外风险等方面对装配过程的人因风险进行评估,考虑不同作业元素优先关系约束、工作站节拍约束、任务关联性约束和操作者人因风险约束等约束条件,以最小化工作站数为优化目标,建立考虑人因风险的Type-Ι装配线平衡优化模型,进而采用改进的遗传算法作为求解算法,在初始化种群阶段基于优先级规则初始化种群,以提高收敛速度。通过对比算例分析结果,表明提出的模型合理且算法有效。

Human-centered intelligent manufacturing has become a new research direction for smart manufacturing,and daily production activities need to take Ergonomics more into account.The current balancing optimization for assembly lines is mainly aimed at improving assembly efficiency,and still lacks attention to human ergonomics in the assembly process.The detailed calculation process of the occupational repetitive action(OCRA)method is introduced,and the human factor risk of the assembly process based on the OCRA method in terms of action frequency,awkward posture,physical exertion and additional risk is evaluated,constraints such as priority relationship constraints for different operational elements,workstation beat constraints,task relevance constraints and operator human factor risk constraints are considered,and take minimizing the number of workstations as the optimization.The Type-Ιassembly line balancing optimization model considering human factor risk is established as the objective,and then an improved genetic algorithm is used as the solution algorithm,and priority-based rules are used to initialize the population in the initialization phase to improve the convergence speed.By comparing the results of the algorithm,it is shown that the model proposed is reasonable and the algorithm is effective.