以“理”解“义”--朱熹以“心之制,事之宜”训“义”的理论意涵

On Zhu Xi’s Interpretation of the Connotation of“Righteousness”by“Reason”

义是儒家传统的核心价值,亦是朱熹哲学的核心关切。在朱熹解“义”的诸多论述当中,“心之制,事之宜”是一句极为关键的定义。“心之制”在性理的层面论义,继承了汉唐以“裁制”训“义”的传统,强调“义”作为性理所具有的刚断性;“事之宜”则是在事理的层面论义,延续了先秦以“宜”训“义”的方式,突出“义”作为事理所具有的恰当性。同时,二者之间还构成体用的关系,前者是后者的源头与根据,后者是前者的发用与实现。

Justice is the core value of the Confucian tradition and also a central concern of Zhu Xi’s philosophy.In many of the arguments Zhu Xi have made to explain“righteousness”,“the discretion of the heart and the appropriateness of the matter”is a critical definition.“The discretion of the heart”discusses the meaning from the level of humanity theory,inheriting the Han and Tang dynasties tradition of disciplining“justice”by“cutting”and emphasizing“justice”as the rigidity of humanity theory.On the other hand,“the appropriateness of the matter”is to discuss righteousness from the level of reasonableness,which continues the way of preaching“righteousness”with“propriety”in the preQin period,highlighting the appropriateness of“righteousness”as reasonableness.At the same time,there is also a relation between the two.The former is the source and basis of the latter,and the latter is the development and realization of the former.