女性泌尿生殖道感染患者宫颈分泌物微生物分布特征研究

Distribution Characteristics of Microorganisms in Cervical Scretions of Female Patients with Urinary and Reproductive Tract Infections

目的:探讨与分析泌尿生殖道感染女性患者宫颈分泌物微生物的分布特征。方法:选择2019年9月到2022年12月收入焦作市第二人民医院妇科住院的女性患者345例作为研究对象,提取患者的宫颈分泌物,检测微生物分布情况并进行多因素分析,同时对特定微生物进行药敏试验分析。结果:在345例患者中,判断为泌尿生殖道感染86例,占比24.93%,共分离到病原菌75株,其中革兰阴性菌40株,革兰阳性菌30株,真菌5株,分布排前三名的分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。在22株大肠埃希菌中,对阿米卡星的耐药率为0.00%,对头孢曲林、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛、氯霉素的耐药率均低于20.00%,对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,可达到90.91%。二分类logistic回归分析显示糖尿病、住院时间、吸烟、年龄等为导致泌尿生殖道感染发生的重要因素(P <0.05)。结论:泌尿生殖道感染女性患者宫颈分泌物微生物以革兰阴性菌为主,耐药性相对比较低,糖尿病、住院时间、吸烟、年龄等为导致女性泌尿生殖道感染发生的重要影响因素。

Objective To explore and analysis the distribution characteristics of microorganisms in cervical secretions of female patients with urogenital infections.Methods A total of 345 cases of female patients who were admitted to Jiaozuo Second People's Hospital for gynecological hospitalization from September 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The cervical secretions from patients were extracted, microbial distribution was detected, and multivariate analysis was conducted. At the same time, drug sensitivity tests were performed on specific microorganisms. Results There were 86 cases diagnosed as urinary and reproductive tract infections in the 345 cases that accounted for 24.93%. A total of 75 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 40 strains of Gram negative bacteria, 30 strains of Gram positive bacteria, and 5 strains of fungi. The top three ranked bacteria in distribution were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. In the 22 strains of Escherichia coli, the resistance rate to amikacin were 0.00%, while the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime and chloramphenicol were all lower than 20.00%. The resistance rate to ampicillin were the highest, reaching 90.91%. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, length of stay in hospital, smoking and age were the important factors leading to the occurrence of genitourinary tract infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion The bacteria in cervical secretion of female patients with genitourinary tract infection are mainly Gram negative bacteria, and their drug resistance is relatively low. Diabetes, hospital stay, smoking and age are important factors leading to female genitourinary tract infection.