我国医务人员流行性感冒疫苗接种意愿的Meta分析

Willingness to receive influenza vaccines among medical staff in China: a meta-analysis

目的 系统评价我国医务人员流行性感冒(流感)疫苗接种意愿,为制定流感疫苗接种策略,提升医务人员接种率提供依据。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science和Embase等数据库,收集2010年1月1日—2023年10月1日发表的关于我国医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿的文献。采用Stata 17.0软件进行Meta分析;采用逐一剔除法进行敏感性分析;采用漏斗图评价发表偏倚。结果 检索文献674篇,最终纳入17篇,样本量为23 697人。Meta分析结果显示,我国医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿率为52.8%(95%CI:41.3%~64.4%)。亚组分析结果显示:2019年及以前、2020年及以后调查的接种意愿率分别为40.2%(95%CI:28.5%~51.8%)和67.2%(95%CI:56.5%~77.9%);男性和女性接种意愿率分别为54.6%(95%CI:44.2%~65.0%)和56.8%(95%CI:49.3%~64.4%);医生、护士、医技人员和行政后勤人员接种意愿率分别为53.6%(95%CI:40.9%~66.2%)、 53.9%(95%CI:41.0%~66.8%)、 62.8%(95%CI:46.2%~79.3%)和53.1%(95%CI:36.1%~70.0%),有、无流感疫苗接种史接种意愿率分别为77.4%(95%CI:63.7%~91.2%)和43.3%(95%CI:30.5%~56.1%);样本量<1 000和≥1 000人接种意愿率分别为49.8%(95%CI:27.3%~72.3%)和58.3%(95%CI:43.9%~72.6%),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。敏感性分析显示研究结果较稳健。漏斗图显示可能存在发表偏倚。结论我国医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿率为41.3%~64.4%,2019年及以前调查、男性、行政后勤人员、无流感疫苗接种史的医务人员接种意愿相对较低。

Objective To systematically evaluate the willingness to receive influenza vaccines among Chinese medical staff, so as to provide the evidence for developing the influenza vaccination strategy and improving the coverage of influ⁃ enza vaccination among medical staff. Methods Publications pertaining to the willingness to receive influenza vaccines among Chinese medical staff were retrieved from international and national databases from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2023, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. A meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata 17.0, sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method, and the publication bias was evaluated using Funnel plot. Results Totally 674 publications were retrieved, and 17 case-control studies were finally enrolled, with 23 697 participants. Meta-analysis showed that the rate of willingness to receive influ⁃ enza vaccines among medical staff in China was 52.8% (95%CI: 41.3%-64.4%). The rates of willingness to receive in⁃ fluenza vaccines were 40.2% (95%CI: 28.5%-51.8%) in 2019 and before and 67.2% (95%CI: 56.5%-77.9%) in 2020 and beyond;54.6% (95%CI: 44.2%-65.0%) in men and 56.8% (95%CI: 49.3%-64.4%) in women;53.6% (95%CI: 40.9%-66.2%) in doctors, 53.9% (95%CI: 41.0%-66.8%) in nurses, 62.8% (95%CI: 46.2%-79.3%) in technicians and 53.1% (95%CI: 36.1%-70.0%) in administrative and logistical staff;77.4% (95%CI: 63.7%-91.2%) and 43.3% (95%CI: 30.5%-56.1%) in staff with and without a history of influenza vaccination;49.8% (95%CI: 27.3%-72.3%) and 58.3% (95%CI: 43.9%-72.6%) in studies with a sample size of <1 000 and ≥1 000, and these differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed robustness of results, and Funnel plot showed publication bias. Con⁃ clusion The rates of willingness to receive influenza vaccines among medical staff in China ranged from 41.3% to 64.4%, and were lower in studies in 2019 and before, in men, in administrative and logistical staff and in staff with⁃ out a history of influenza vaccination.